THE ELEMENTS OF

TEACHING AND LEARNING

Unit 1

By: Ellaine Grace D. Gurro

 INTRODUCTION
The principal elements that make teaching and
learning possible and attainable are the teachers, the
learners, and a conducive learning environment
The teacher serves as the prime mover of the
educational wheel;
The learners are the key participants in the learning
process.
The favorable environment provides essential features
and ingredients that could make a headway in
guiding the processes and methodologies.
The Learner
The learner is an embodied spirit.
He is neither body nor spirit.
The Fundamental Equipment of the
Learner
The learner is equipped with cognitive as
well as appetitive faculties.
Their cognitive faculties include the:
Five senses
Instinct
Imagination
Memory
Intellect
The Fundamental Equipment of the
Learner
The learner is equipped with cognitive as
well as appetitive faculties.
Their appetitive faculties include the:
Feelings and emotion
Rational will
Five distinguishing elements of the
learner
Ability – capacity to understand and assimilate
information for their own use and application.
Aptitude – refers to the student’s innate talent
or gift; a natural capacity to learn certain skills.
Interests – they vary in activities that are
undertaken due to a strong appeal or
attraction.
Five distinguishing elements of the
learner
Family and Cultural Background – students
who come from different socioeconomic
background manifest a wide range of
behavior due to differences in upbringing
practices.
Attitudes – have a unique way of thinking
and reacting; refers to an individual’s
perspective and disposition.
Five distinguishing elements of the
learner
Some positive attitudes are:
Curiosity – anxious to know more about an
object or event by endlessly questioning.
Responsibility – pursue assigned task to
completion despite personal constraints.
Creativity – capable of generating own ideas of
doing things.
Persistence – sustain interest in a learning
activity not mindful of the extra time and effort
spent.
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory
Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Spatial Intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Naturalist Intelligence
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory
The ninth intelligence
Existential intelligence / spiritual intelligence /
cosmic smarts
Learning Styles
Sensing-Thinking (MASTERY)
Intuitive-Thinking (UNDERSTANDING)
Intuitive-Feeling (SELF-EXPRESSIVE)
Sensing-Feeling (INTERPERSONAL)