PRINCIPLES OF

NATURAL AND MECHANICAL

VENTILATION

PRESENTED BY
A RUPENDAR KUMAR (15091AA041)
B PRANUTHI KRISHNA (15091AA043)
B SAMEERA (15091AA046)
C BHAGAVATHI (15091AA047)
K CHANDANA (15091AA058)
T PRISCILLA PAUL (15091AA074)
Y SAI UDEEP (15091AA079)
NATURAL VENTILATION
 SUPPLY OF OUTSIDE AIR INTO A BUILDING
THROUGH WINDOWS OR OTHER OPENINGS
,DUE TO WIND OUTSIDE AND CONVECTION
EFFECTS ARISING FROM TEMPERATURE OR
VAPOUR PRESSURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INSIDE
AND OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING.
TYPE OF VENTILATIONS
 1.WIND DRIVEN VENTILATION.
 2.BUOYANCY DRIVEN VENTILATION.
 3. PLANTS.
WIND DRIVEN VENTILATION
 WHEN NATURAL WIND BLOWS ACROSS A BUILDING ,THE WIND HITS
THE WINDWARDWALL CAUSING A DIRECT POSITIVE PRESSURE ,THEN
MOVES AROUND THE BUILDING .
 IF THERE ARE ANY OPENINGS ON THE WALLS OF THE BUILDING .FRESH
AIR WILL RUSH THROUGH THE WINDOWS OF ONE SIDE AND COME
OUT FROM OTHER SIDE TO BALANCE THE AIR PRESSURE
 THE BUILDING SHAPE PLACEMENT OF THE WINDOWS AND TYPES PLAY
CRUCIAL ROLES IN THIS SYSTEM.
BUOYANCY DRIVEN VENTILATION
 STACK OR BUOYANCY VENTILATION CAN BE INDUCED BY TEMPERATURE
OR HUMIDITY (KNOWN AS COOL TOWER).THE TEMPERATURE USAGE IS
THE MOST COMMON.IN THIS TYPE THERE IS TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES
INSIDE THE SPACE.
 THE LESS DENSE WARM AIR RISES UP AND THE COOLER AIR GETS
SUCKED FROM THE OPENING BELOW.
PLANTS
 PLANTS ARE THE MOST NATURAL PRODUCT WHICH PURIFIES THE AIR
,HENCE TAKE THE BAD AIR OUT IN A WAY OF VENTILATION .THEY ALSO
ATTRACT DUST SMOKE .INDOOR LIVING WALLS,POTTED PLANTS ,ETC.ARE
SYSTEMS OF INCORPORATING PLANTS AS NATURAL VENTILATOR OR
PURIFIER.
PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL VENTILATION
 THERE ARE DIFFERENT BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL VENTILATION.IT
DEPENDS ON NO OF OPENINGS IN A SPACE AND THE DIFFERENCE IN
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR PRESSURE.

SINGLE SIDED
CROSS VENTILAION STACK VENTILATION
VENTILATION
 INFLUENCE OF TERRAIN:
*WIND VELOCITY
*TURBULENCE
*FLOW PATTERN
 INFLUENCE OF NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS:
*BUILDING EXPOSURE AND ORIENTATION

TALL BUILDINGS IMPROVE

NATURAL VENTILATION,AND
IN LOWER ALTITUDES
REDUCE SUN EXPOSURE
 INFLUENCE BUILDING SHAPE :
*FLOW DIRECTION THROUGH BUILDING ,VENTILATION INTENSITY
TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF NATURAL
VENTILATION
 Aeration – air supply and exhaust is caused through
inlets with proper high difference
 Industrial halls, stables
 Regulation of inlets and outlets opening
 SHAFT VENTILATION –COMBINATION OF INLETS
AND SHAFTS
EXISTING NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

 VENTILATION TOWERS IN BUILDING CORNERS

 DRIVING AIR FROM HALLS AND CORRIDORS IN
EACH FLOOR.
 VARIETY OF VENTILATION TOWERS
,SKYLIGHTS,SUN ROOFS ETC.
PASSIVE COOLING
 Just like passive heating, cooling your building using passive strategies is
important for reducing energy usage in your building. Specifically, utilizing
passive cooling strategies like natural ventilation, air cooling, and shades
can reduce your demand for mechanical cooling while maintaining thermal
comfort.
  STACK VENTILATION:
 Stack ventilation and Bernoulli's principle are two kinds of passive
ventilation that use air pressure differences due to height to pull air through
the building. Lower pressures higher in the building help pull air upward.

HOT AIR RAISES DUE TO BOUYANCY ,AND ITS

LOW PRESSURE SUCKS IN FRESH AIR FROM
OUTSIDE
 Wind ventilation is a kind of passive ventilation, using the force of the wind
(or local air pressure differences) to pull air through the building. Wind
ventilation is the easiest, most common, and often a least expensive form
of passive cooling and ventilation.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
 It is the process of CHANGING AIR in an
ENCLOSED ROOM
 Indoor air is withdrawn and replaced by fresh air
continuously using a device
CATEGORIES
WHAT?
WHY?
 The importance of ventilation is to maintain
AIR PURITY
 Preservation of oxygen content
 Removal of carbon-di-oxide
 Maintain humidity
 Prevention of heat contraction from machinery,light and
people
 Prevention of condensation
 Dilution and disposal of contaminants such as smoke,dust
and gases
COMPONENTS INVOLVED
 Fan
 Filters
 Ductwork
 Fire dampers
 Diffusers
TYPES

• Cross-flow/tangential

Fan •
•
Propeller
Axial flow
• centrifugal

• Dry

Filter •
•
Viscous
Electrostatic
• Activated carbon
 Selection of Fan for Mechanical Ventilation
 Fan consumes most of the energy in a mechanical

ventilation system. Various type of fans are

available for ventilation applications, for example,
forward and backward curved centrifugal fan, tube
axial/vane axial fan, mixed flow fan, roof
ventilator and in-line fans.
DUCTWORK
Air distribution elements
AIR HANDLING UNITS
 Modular units
 Compact unit
AIR DISTRIBUTION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES