An Example: Compute Squares

An Example
Compute Squares /* Compute Squares */

Prints a table of squares as shown #include <stdio.h>
below
main() {
1 1 int n, n_square;
2 4 int lower, upper, step;
3 9
lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
4 16
upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
5 25
step = 1;
6 36
7 49
n = lower;
8 64 while ( n <= upper ) {
9 81 n_square = n * n;
10 100 printf(“%3d\t%6d\n”,n,n_square);
n = n + 1;
}
}
Lectures on Numerical Methods 1

An Example
Functions /* Compute Squares */
C programs contain functions #include <stdio.h>
and variables
main() {
Function names are followed
int n, n_square;
by a list of arguments enclosed int lower, upper, step;
in parenthesis.
Function definition consists of lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
a group of statements enclosed upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
in curly brackets. step = 1;
printf is a library function.

n = lower;
The information about this while ( n <= upper ) {
function is contained in a file n_square = n * n;
named stdio.h. printf(“%3d\t%6d\n”,n,n_square);
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
Variables /* Compute Squares */
Variables refer the objects that can #include <stdio.h>
be stored in computer’s memory
locations. Variables are named main() {
(identifiers) int n, n_square;
Variables can store data of various int lower, upper, step;
types. Some basic datatypes are
char characters (1/2 bytes) lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
int integers (2/4 bytes)
step = 1;
float rationals (4 bytes)
double rationals(8 bytes) n = lower;
Variables must be declared and while ( n <= upper ) {
initialized. n_square = n * n;
printf(“%3d\t%6d\n”,n,n_square);
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
Declarations /* Compute Squares */
Declarations have form #include <stdio.h>
type var1, var2, var3;
Merely announces the data type to main() {
be associated with a variable. int n, n_square;
int lower, upper, step;
Initial value of variable is not
known.
Examples upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
char name; step = 1;
int numStudents;
float applePrice; n = lower;
double veryAccurateVar; while ( n <= upper ) {
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
Assignments /* Compute Squares */
Statement #include <stdio.h>
The assignment statements have main() {

the following form int n, n_square;
someVar = expression ; int lower, upper, step;
Expressions consist of variables,
functions and operators. lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
Examples upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
c = 5 * ( f – 32 ) / 9 step = 1;
s = sin(x) / x
n = lower;
y = log(x) + v0
while ( n <= upper ) {
I = P * R * T / 100 n_square = n * n;
Tax = 0.3 * ( I – 60000 ) printf(“%3d\t%6d\n”,n,n_square);
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
Loops /* Compute Squares */
The form of the while statement is #include <stdio.h>
While ( condition )
statement ; main() {
While ( condition ) { int n, n_square;
statements } int lower, upper, step;
If the condition is true the

statements in the body of the while
loop are executed. At the end of the
step = 1;
loop the the condition is tested
again and executes the loop if the
condition is true. This procedure n = lower;
continues till the condition fails to be while ( n <= upper ) {
true. n_square = n * n;
Conditions are usually logical printf(“%3d\t%6d\n”,n,n_square);
expressions using operators like ==, n = n + 1;
<, <=, >, >= etc. These have }
boolean value }

An Example
Execution /* Compute Squares */
#include <stdio.h>
Variable Before After main() {

exeution execution int n, n_square;
n ?? ??
n_square ?? ?? lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
lower ?? ?? upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
step = 1;
upper ?? ??
step ?? ?? n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
#include <stdio.h>

n ?? ??
lower ?? ?? upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
step = 1;
upper ?? ??
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
#include <stdio.h>

n ?? ??
lower ?? 1 upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
step = 1;
upper ?? ??
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
#include <stdio.h>

n ?? ??
lower 1 1 upper = 10; /* Upper limit */
step = 1;
upper ?? 10
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
#include <stdio.h>

n ?? ??
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step ?? 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
#include <stdio.h>

n ?? 1
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
n <= upper is true. #include <stdio.h>

n 1 1
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 1 1
n_square ?? 1 lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 1 1
n_square 1 1 lower = 1; /* Lower imit */
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 1 2
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 2 2
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 2 2
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 2 2
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 2 3
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example

n 10 11
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
n <= upper is false. #include <stdio.h>

n 11 11
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

An Example
n <= upper is false. #include <stdio.h>

n 11 11
step = 1;
upper 10 10
step 1 1 n = lower;
Program ends n_square = n * n;
n = n + 1;
}
}

Printf Function
The first argument of printf is a format specifier.
Each % sign in the format specifier is a formatting instruction.
%d print a decimal integer
%f print a floating number
%wd prints a decimal number with min width of w chars
%w.pf prints a floating number with precision p and min width w
Other characters in the format specifier are just printed.

Printf Function
Examples
Printf( “I am Charu” ); I am Charu
Printf( “|%3d|” , 8 ); | 8|
Printf( “|%03d|” , 8 ); |8 |
Printf( “|%3d|” , 8000 ); |8000|
Printf( “|%f|” , 123.456 ); |123.456000|
Printf( “|%f|” , 123.4567890123 ); |123.456789|
Printf( “|%8.3d|” , 123.4567890123 ); | 123.456|
Printf( “ Age = %d years” , 22 ); Age = 22 years
Printf( “%d and %d” , 1, 2 ); 1 and 2

An Example
Area of a circle
/* Compute Area and Perimeter of a
circle */
#include <stdio.h>
The program produces the
following output when 5.0 is input main() {
float rad;
Enter the radius 5.0 float area, peri;
Area = 78.539749 printf( “Enter the radius “ );
Peri = 31.415899 scanf(“%f” , &rad);
if ( rad > 0.0 ) {

And produces the following when – area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
3.0 is input. peri = 6.28318 * rad;
printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );

Enter the radius -3.0 printf( “Peri = %f\n” , peri );
Negative radius }
else
printf( “Negative radius\n”);
}

An Example
Decisions /* Compute Area and Perimeter of
circle */
a
The form of if-else statement is #include <stdio.h>

as follows: main() {
if ( condition ) statements float rad;
float area, peri;
if ( condtion ) statements printf( “Enter the radius “ );
else statements scanf(“%f” , &rad);
if ( rad > 0.0 ) {

If condition is true then if-block of area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
statements is executed otherwise peri = 6.28318 * rad;
else-block of statements is
executed. printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );
printf( “Peri = %f\n” , peri );
}
else
}

An Example
Execution /* Compute Area and Perimeter of
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
Variable Before After float rad;
exeution execution float area, peri;
rad ?? ?? printf( “Enter the radius “ );
area ?? ?? scanf(“%f” , &rad);
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
rad ?? 5.000000 printf( “Enter the radius “ );
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
Condition rad > 0.0 is true #include <stdio.h>
main() {
rad 5.000000 5.000000 printf( “Enter the radius “ );
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
area ?? 78.53975 scanf(“%f” , &rad);
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
area 78.53975 78.53975 scanf(“%f” , &rad);
peri ?? 31.41590 if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
area 78.53975 78.53975 scanf(“%f” , &rad);
peri 31.41590 31.41590 if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
area 78.53975 78.53975 scanf(“%f” , &rad);
peri 31.41590 31.41590 if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
area 78.53975 78.53975 scanf(“%f” , &rad);
peri 31.41590 31.41590 if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
Program ends peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
rad ?? -3.00000 printf( “Enter the radius “ );
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
The condition rad > 0.0 is false #include <stdio.h>
main() {
rad -3.00000 -3.00000 printf( “Enter the radius “ );
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

}
else
}

An Example
circle */
a
The condition rad > 0.0 is false #include <stdio.h>
main() {
rad -3.00000 -3.00000 printf( “Enter the radius “ );
peri ?? ?? if ( rad > 0.0 ) {
area = 3.14159 * rad * rad;
peri = 6.28318 * rad;

Prints “Negative radius” and printf( “Peri = %f\n” , peri );
}
Program ends
else
}

Scanf Function
The first argument of scanf is a format specifier.
Each % sign in the format specifier is a formatting instruction.
%d scans a decimal integer and stores it in int
variable
%f scans a floating number and stores it in float
variable
%wd maximum width of w chars are scanned
%wf maximum width of w chars are scanned
Other characters in the format specifier are expected to be input as is.
Best to avoid any other chars in the input.

Scanf Function
scanf ( format, &intvar, &fltvar );
Format “%d%f” “%3d%6f”
Input Intvar Fltvar Intvar Fltvar
3 4.5 3 4.5 3 4.5
3\t4.5 (tab) 3 4.5 3 4.5
3\n4.5(newline) 3 4.5 3 4.5
34.5 34 0.5 34 0.5
003 4.5 3 4.5 3 4.5
0034.5 34 0.5 3 4.5
0003 4.5 3 4.5 0 3.0
00034.5 34 0.5 0 34.5
3 000004.5 3 4.5 3 4.0
3 4.5678912 3 4.567891 3 4.567800
A3a4.5 ?? ?? ?? ??
3a4.5 3 ?? 3 ??

Algorithms
Algorithm
Problem
Let S be a finite sequence of 1. The m1 be the largest in
positive nonzero integers ak, except S1. Clearly m1 = a1.
the last number which is always 0. 2. Let I = 1.
Find the largest number in the 3. If aI+1 is zero, go to step
sequence. 7.
Example 4. mI+1 = max { mI, aI+1}.
5. Increment I.
7, 9, 4, 6, 2, 5, 8, 0
6. Go to step 3.
The largest is 9. 7. Print mI.
If Sk is a subsequence of first k
numbers of S and mk is the largest
term of Sk then
mk+1 = max { mk , ak+1 }

An Example
Find Largest
/* Find the largest number */
#include <stdio.h>
The program produces the
main() {
following output int number, largest;
Enter a number 7 printf( "Enter a number " );

scanf( "%d" , &largest );
Enter a number 9
Enter a number 4 printf( "Enter a number " );
Enter a number 6 scanf( "%d" , &number );
Enter a number 2 while ( number > 0 ) {

Enter a number 0 if ( number > largest )
largest = number;
Largest is 9
printf( "Enter a number " );
scanf( "%d" , &number );
}
printf( "Largest is %d\n" ,

largest );
}

Lab Assignment 1
Print a table of sine values of angles starting from 0o upto 180o in steps
of 10o. ( There is a standard library function sin(x) declared in math.h )
Read a sequence of positive integers and count the number of input
integers and calculate their sum. Calculate the average of the integers.
Let ax2+bx+c=0. Read a, b and c. Print the solutions to the quadratic
equation. (The solutions may be complex. )
Print a sequence of Fibonacci numbers less than 100.
Input a positive integer and determine if it is a prime.

An Example: Compute Squares

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Example: Compute Squares

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Example

Compute Squares /* Compute Squares */

Lectures on Numerical Methods 1

printf is a library function.

Lectures on Numerical Methods 2

Lectures on Numerical Methods 3

Lectures on Numerical Methods 4

Statement #include <stdio.h>

The assignment statements have main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 5

If the condition is true the

Lectures on Numerical Methods 6

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 7

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 8

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 9

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 10

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 11

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 12

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 13

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 14

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 15

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 16

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 17

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 18

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 19

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 20

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 21

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 22

Variable Before After main() {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 23

Lectures on Numerical Methods 24

Lectures on Numerical Methods 25

if ( rad > 0.0 ) {

printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );

Lectures on Numerical Methods 26

The form of if-else statement is #include <stdio.h>

if ( rad > 0.0 ) {

Lectures on Numerical Methods 27

printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );

Lectures on Numerical Methods 28

printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );

Lectures on Numerical Methods 29

Condition rad > 0.0 is true #include <stdio.h>

printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );

Lectures on Numerical Methods 30

printf( “Area = %f\n” , area );

Lectures on Numerical Methods 31