Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sources:
D60
D30
D10
0.15 mm
0.8 mm
5.3
0.15 mm
0.4 mm
0.8 mm 0.4
1.33
0.15 0.8
Sieve Analysis (Cont.)
D60 - the diameter corresponding to 60% finer in the
particle-size distribution curve
D10 – effective size
D60
Cu – coefficient of gradation, cu
D10
cc
D30 2
Cc – coefficient of curvature,
D60 D10
Note:
If cu is relatively large, it indicates a well graded soil. Cu = 1 indicates
that the soil grains are of approximately equal sizes.
Hydrometer Analysis
ASTM D422
This method is generally used to determine the particle-
size distribution for soils with small grain sizes < 0.075
mm (No. 200)
The lower limit of the particle size determined by this
procedure is about 0.001mm
In the lab we will use ASTM 152-H Hydrometer (?)
This method is based on Stoke’s law “The larger the
grain size, the greater its settling velocity in a fluid”
( s w ) 2
v D ; : vis cos ity of water
18
The sample size is 50g passing #10 (why?)
Hydrometer Analysis (Cont.)
L =30
Hydrometer Test (Cont.)
A Hydrometer reading of 30 means that there
are 30 g of soil solids in suspension per
1000cc of soil-water mixture at a temperature
of 200C
Take reading at 15, 30, 60 seconds then at 2,
5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes
Composite Corrections
Fm – Meniscus Correction
Fm
Zero Correction, Fz
Accounts for the effect of using a deflocculating agent
Temperature Correction, FT
FT = - 4.85 + 0.25T (T between 15 – 280C)
Composite Correction = Fm + Fz + FT
Hydrometer Test (Procedure)
1. Prepare a deflocculating (dispersing) agent
Use a 4% solution of Sodium
hexametaphophate (Calgon)
Add the 40g of Calgon in 1000cc of distilled
water and mix thoroughly
2. Use 45±5g of soil passing #10
3. Take 125cc of the mixture prepared in (1)
and add it to the soil in (2) and let it soak for
about 8 – 12hours
Hydrometer Test (Calculation - pp 30)