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Chapter 9:

In Situ Stresses

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If the rate of seepage and thereby the hydraulic gradient gradually
are increased, a limiting condition will be reached, at which point

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After conducting several model tests, Terzaghi (1922) concluded that
heaving generally occurs within a distance of D/2 from the sheet piles
(when D equals depth of embedment of sheet piles into the permeable
layer). Therefore, we need to investigate the stability of soil in a zone
measuring D by D/2 in cross-section as shown in Figure 9.9b.The factor of
safety against heaving can be given by

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