Green Cross Training

Basic Life Support

1
Introduction

2
 Introduction
Housekeeping

Sign in
Health & Safety issues
Facilities
Mobile phones
Smoking arrangements
Course administration
Introductions

3
 COURSE DETAILS

Trainers Name :

Date: 00/ Month/ Year

Location: Address

Course Number: Trainer to give

Centre Number: 1709129

Course Title: Basic Life Support

The assessment process
for unit 1
Practical Skills assessed throughout
this unit:

Managing an incident – Primary

Survey
Recovery position
Choking
Seizure
CPR
AED (Pad placement)

5
 Learning Outcomes
Basic Life Support
1. Understand the role and responsibilities of a First Aider

2. Be able to assess an incident

3. Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally

4. Be able to recognise a casualty with seizure

5. Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally

6. AED placement

7. Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking

6
 What is First Aid?

Understand the role and responsibilities of a First Aider

7
 What is First Aid?

First Aid is the initial treatment given to

someone who is injured or sick, prior to
professional medical assistance arriving
and taking over from you.

8
 Aims &
Responsibilities

9
 Aims of First Aid

Preserve life
Prevent the condition from worsening
Promote recovery

10
 Responsibilities
of the First Aider
Arrival at the scene
Dealing with casualties
Casualty communication
Contacting the emergency
services
Prioritise the First Aid treatment
Clearing up process and infection
control

11
 Contacting the
emergency services

L Location

I Incident

O Other Services

N Number of casualties

E Extent of Injuries

L Location (repeat)

12
 Consent

A responsive adult must agree to receive First Aid

treatment. ‘Expressed consent’ means that the casualty
gives their permission to receive care and treatment.
To obtain consent, first identify yourself, tell them about
your level of training and qualification and ask if it’s ok to
help them.

Implied consent means that permission to perform First Aid

care on an unresponsive casualty is assumed.
This is based on the idea that a reasonable person would
give their permission to receive lifesaving treatment if they
were able to.

13
 Casualty communication

Be honest about their condition

Be careful of what you say which could distress them further
Maintain eye contact when talking to them, and be aware of
your body language
Take your time when talking to them, particularly for the
vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children
Allow your casualty to explain how they are feeling. It could
help you make a diagnosis enabling you to offer the right
treatment
In respect of their injury, avoid medical terms that they may
not understand

14
 Preventing cross infection

Wash your hands and wear disposable gloves

Avoid coughing and sneezing over the wound,
and avoid touching it
Dispose of all soiled dressings, including
gloves, in an appropriately marked
(orange/yellow) plastic bag
Dispose of sharp items, including syringes and
needles, in a purpose made sharps bin and
dispose of it appropriately

15
 Ventilation aids

Conventional Face shield

Pocket mask
mouth to mouth Resusci Aid

16
 First Aid kits

There are many different sizes and types according to the

size and type of business you are in.

Your Risk Assessment of First Aid Needs will

identify your particular requirements which may
vary from one business to another.

17
 First Aid kits

Minimum suggested contents:

A guidance leaflet
Individually wrapped plasters (Assorted sizes)
Sterile eye pads
Triangular bandages
(Individually wrapped and preferably sterile)
Medium/Large sterile wound dressing
(Individually wrapped and un-medicated)
Nitrate disposable gloves
Safety pins
Foil blanket
Finger dressing
Mouth to Mouth resuscitation device
Conforming bandages
Moist cleansing wipes
Universal shears

18
Legislation

19
 Acts and Regulations

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Requires employers to ensure, so far as reasonably
practicable, the health, safety and welfare of their
employees This also extends to non-employees such as
outside contractors and members of the public.
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
(1982 in Northern Ireland)
Employers are required to provide adequate personnel,
training, equipment and facilities to render FIRST AID to
their employees should they become injured or taken ill at
work.
Managing for Health and Safety (HSG65)
Generally makes more explicit what employers are required
to do to manage health and safety under the Health and
Safety at Work Act.

20
Accident and incident reporting

Date, time and place of incident

Name and job of injured or ill person
Details of the injury/illness and what First
Aid was given
What happened to the person immediately
afterwards? (e.g. – went back to work,
went home, went to hospital)
Name and signature of the person
reporting the incident
Report near misses
Must be kept in accordance with the Data
Protection Act 1998

21
 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR 2013)
Over 7-day injuries to workers
This is where an employee, or self-employed person, is away from work or
unable to perform their normal work duties for more than seven
consecutive days (not counting the day of the accident).
Injuries to non-workers
Work-related accidents involving members of the public or people who are
not at work must be reported if a person is injured, and is taken from the
scene of the accident to hospital for treatment to that injury. There is no
requirement to establish what hospital treatment was actually provided,
and no need to report incidents where people are taken to hospital purely
as a precaution when no injury is apparent.
Deaths
All deaths to workers and non-workers must be reported if they arise from a work-
related accident, including an act of physical violence to a worker. Suicides are not
reportable, as the death does not result from a work-related accident.

22
Incident assessment
Be able to assess an incident

23
 Managing a situation

A Assess
M Manage

E Emergency first aid

G Get help
A Aftermath

24
 Primary survey

D Dangers
R Response

A Airway
B Breathing
C Circulation/CPR

25
 Incident assessment

D Dangers ?

26
 Arriving at the scene

S Safety and protection

H Hazards

A Assess the situation

P Prioritise

E Environment

27
 Check for dangers

D The area must be safe before you offer your

casualty any treatment.
R Safe for you primarily, not forgetting any
bystanders and of course your casualty.
A
B
C

Failing to do this could result in you

having more casualties to deal with,
which could include yourself!

28
 Primary Survey
Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally

29
 Primary survey

D Dangers
R Response

A Airway
B Breathing
C Circulation/CPR

30
 Check for a response

D A Alert
R
V Voice – “Are you alright?”
A
B P Place your hands on their
C shoulders and gently shake them
U Unresponsive

31
 Open the Airway

D
R
Open the airway by supporting
A your casualty’s forehead with one
B hand and tilting it back by placing
C 2 fingers under their chin and
gently lifting it

Support the head in this position in

order to perform a breathing check

32
 Check for Normal Breathing

D Look, listen and feel for normal breathing

R for no more than 10 seconds

A
B
C Agonal gasping is best
described as infrequent,
noisy gasps

This is not normal

breathing and they
should be treated as a
non-breathing casualty

33
 CPR / Circulation

D
R If your casualty is not breathing
normally, then you must summon an
A ambulance immediately and
B commence CPR without delay
C
If your casualty is breathing normally,
then move on to your secondary
assessment

35
 Your bystander

Your bystander can be of a great

help to you by

Calling for an ambulance

Managing crowds and hazards
Fetching the First Aid kit and
defibrillator if you if you have one
Consoling relatives and friends
Helping you if they are trained to do
so
Cleaning up
A support for you

36
Recovery Position

37
 Major Seizure

Be able to recognise a casualty with seizure

38
 Recognition of a
major seizure

Convulsive movements
Rigidity and arching of the back
Sudden unconsciousness, and often lets out a cry
Cyanosis (blue/greyness around the lips) may set in because they may have
stopped breathing, albeit temporarily
Possible loss of bladder or bowel control
Frothy saliva may appear at the mouth. This could be blood-stained if they
have bitten their tongue or lips
Their jaw may be clenched
After a few minutes, the muscles may relax and breathing will return to
normal
They could recover not knowing what has just happened
They will be tired and could fall into a prolonged sleep

39
 Treatment of a
major seizure
Support or ease the casualty’s fall
Make space around the casualty
Ask bystanders to move away
Protect the casualty’s head
Record the duration of the seizure
Do not restrain the casualty
Do not put anything in their mouth

Dial 999/112
If The seizures are repeated
If Seizure lasts for longer than 5 minutes
If It’s their first seizure When seizure stops:
If The casualty is unresponsive for
Place them in the recovery position
longer than 10 minutes
Monitor their breathing
Be prepared to resuscitate them

40
 Resuscitation
Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is NOT breathing normally

41
 The respiratory system
The air we breathe in roughly consists of:

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
0.96% Argon
0.04% Other gases

From the oxygen we breathe in, we use

approximately a 25% of it, as our system can only
accommodate so much

The rest is dispelled with when we breathe out,

along with other gases including carbon dioxide
An average adult at rest will breathe
approximately
12 – 20 times each minute

42
 The Chain of Survival

Early Early CPR Early Post

recognition and defibrillation resuscitation
call for help care
 Resuscitation

As soon as you have established

that your casualty is not breathing
normally, you must call for an ambulance
immediately before you commence CPR

If you have help, send them for the

defibrillator (AED) and to make the call 999
/112 and you must commence CPR without
delay
Warning:
In the first minutes after cardiac arrest, a
casualty maybe barely breathing or taking
infrequent noisy gasps

These are know as agonal gasps and should

not confused with normal breathing, if in doubt
start CPR
44
 Resuscitation protocol

Clear any Check for Shout / Get Open the Check for normal
dangers a response AED airway breathing

For no more than

Give 30 10 seconds
Ring for an chest Open the Give 2 Repeat
ambulance compressions airway breaths 30 : 2
Continue until
medical help
takes over,
you become
too exhausted,
a AED arrives
Make this call Depth of 5 - 6 cms Take no longer or your
yourself if you Speed of 100 - 120 than 5 seconds
have no help per minute to give both breaths casualty
recovers

45
Introduce AED
Overview
Pad placement
Listen to voice prompt

AED placement

46
 The odds of survival

For each minute that

defibrillation is delayed,
the chances of your
casualty recovering is
reduced by 10%

Therefore, after about 10

minutes, your casualty will
have little chance of
surviving

47
 What is an AED?

The positioning of the pads is vital. Most

manufacturers will have a diagram on the pads
showing you the correct positioning

Some will have an ‘on/off’ button, others may start

when the lid is opened

Some will have an analyse button, some will analyse

automatically

Some will have a shock button, some will shock

automatically

All will have a voice prompt

48
 Pad placement

Remove any plasters or patches

Remove any jewelley that may come into contact with the patches
Ensure the pads are clear of any body piercing
Be aware of any visible pacemaker
Different units have different pads (listen to voice prompt or follow picture
diagrams on pads)

49
 Defibrillation procedure

Follow the voice prompts as soon as the

pads are connected and the AED is
switched on

If the AED voice prompts you to shock the

casualty, then you must ensure everyone
is clear of the casualty before pressing the
shock button

If you are prompted to commence CPR,

then quality CPR is important

50
 Defibrillation procedure

If you are prompted to

commence CPR, then quality
CPR is important

Ensure that you compress at the

right depth (5-6cms) and at the
right speed (100-120 chest
compressions per minute)

51
 Choking
Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking

52
 Choking adult
If your casualty is Encourage them If this doesn’t work, If successful, then
choking….. to cough….. give up to 5 reassure them and seek
back blows….. medical help if appropriate.

If this doesn’t work, If this is successful, If this doesn’t work, Call 999/112
give up to 5 then reassure them immediately and continue cycles, be
abdominal thrusts….. and seek medical help. prepared for BLS

If there is no
improvement
after 1 cycle, then you
must call 999/112

53
 Choking child
If your casualty is Encourage them If this doesn’t work, If successful, then
choking to cough give up to 5 back reassure them and seek
blows medical help if appropriate

If this doesn’t work, If this is successful,

give up to 5 then reassure them
abdominal thrusts and seek medical help
If unsuccessful phone 999/111
Repeat cycle
Be prepared to Resuscitate

54
 Choking infant
If your casualty is choking,
look in the mouth and remove If this doesn’t work, If successful, then If this doesn’t work,
any visible, easily removed give up to 5 you must seek give up to 5
object back blows medical help chest thrusts

If this is successful,
then you must seek
medical help
If unsuccessful phone 999/111
Repeat cycle
Be prepared to Resuscitate

55
 Choking

Commence CPR

30 COMPRESSIONS / 2 BREATHS
continuously
Until professional help arrives
The casualty recovers
You become exhausted
AED arrives

Before each rescue breath attempt, check in

the mouth for any visible obstruction that can
be easily removed

56
 Any Questions?

Check and complete your assessment record, ensure they have been signed by you
the delegate.

Check and complete the Learner Registration forms:

● Ensure your name on the register in respect of clarity for certification purposes.
● The name that is shown will be printed on your certificate.
● Confirm your store/work or home address is correct.
● Ensure your date of birth (DOB) has been inputted.
● Ensure you have signed the register.

Certification will be sent out in due course.

Have a safe journey home.

You may be contacted via email by Coursecheck to leave your feedback.

Please also feel free to leave us some feedback via Facebook or Twitter
57