Acute Respiratory Infections

( ISPA )

Tiara Elvara Intani

SR152090004
DEFINITION
1. Acute respiratory infections
(ISPA) is a common disease
with mild to severe
manifestations
2. ISPA is often mischaracterized
as an upper respiratory
infection. ISPA is the correct
abbreviation of Acute
Respiratory Infections.
3. ISPA include upper respiratory
tract and lower respiratory tract.
4. ISPA is the lung tissue or severe
ISPA, can become pneumonia
ETIOLOGY (The Study Of The Causes)
1. The etiology of ISPA consists of over 300 species of bacteria,
viruses and rickets. Bacteria cause ISPA among others of the
genus Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pnemokokus,
Hemofillus, Bordetella and Korinobakterium. Viruses cause
of ISPA include Mikosovirus group, adenovirus, coronavirus,
Pikornavirus, Mycoplasma, Herpesvirus.
2. Pneumonia Etiology The cause of pneumonia in infants is
difficult to enforce because sputum difficult to obtain.
According to the WHO publication that causes pneumonia is
Streptococcus pneumonia and Hemopillus influenzae
(Warmasi, 2009)
with risk factors :

• Contracting of patients ispa

• Endurance is lacking
• Lack of air circulation in the house
• Dirty house
• Nutrition less
Symptoms & General Signs
Fever Increased body temperature
Headache intercostal retractions
Clogged nose, runny nose Overview normal lung
Cough Abnormal blood tests
Rapid breathing and in
Classification ISPA
ISPA form of the most frequent causes of infant mortality are pneumoniae,
then the classification is differentiated into two groups according to (Warmasi,
2009) as follows:
1. 2 months age group <5 years, the classification is divided into: severe
pneumonia, pneumonia and not pneumonia
2. The age group of <2 months, classification is divided into: severe
pneumonia and not pneumonia.
Pathogenesis ( The Mechanisms That Cause Disease )

1. ISPA can be transmitted through saliva, blood,

sneezing, breathing air containing the bacteria are
inhaled by healthy people into his respiratory tract
2. ISPA progress to pneumonia often occurs in young
children, especially when there is a lack of nutrition
and combined with the environmental conditions are
not hygienic.
3. Risk primarily occurs in children due to increased
4. The possibility of cross infection, her immunologic
load is too large as it is used for disease parasites and
worms, as well unavailability or of excessive use of
antibiotics
Pathophysiology (Clinical Course Of Disease)

a) Prepatogenesis stage, the cause has been there but people do

not show any reaction.
b) The incubation phase, the virus damages the lining epithelial
and mucosal linings. Especially when the body becomes weak
and the stage of nutrition and endurance was already low.
c) Early stages of the disease, starting from the emergence of
disease symptoms. Symptoms of fever and cough.
d) Advanced stages of the disease, is divided into four, namely
can recover completely, cured with Ateletaksis, become
chronic and can die from pneumonia
Prevention of ISPA Pneumonia and Non Pneumonia

 stay away from people with coughs

 provides nutritious meals every day
 keep your body and environmental hygiene
 recommended immediately consult a doctor or health care unit
 Wash your hands regularly, especially after activities in public places.
 void touching your face, especially the mouth, nose, and eyes, so that
you are protected from the spread of viruses and bacteria.
 Expand eating foods that contain vitamins, especially vitamin C.
Vitamin very helpful in improving and maintaining your immune
system.
Treatment ISPA

1. After taking a drug that is given by a doctor, usually

antibiotics, people with respiratory diseases are advised
to take regular breaks. It aims to restore the body's
immune.
2. Green Palapa (extract of green substance that has a high
antioxidant content, increase immunity and anti-toxins).
1. Fourteen out of 33 provinces have prevalence above the
national average.
2. Cases of pneumonia are generally detected by the
diagnosis of symptoms, except in South Sumatra and
Papua.
3. Provinces with high prevalence of ISPA also
demonstrated a high prevalence of pneumonia, among
others, East Nusa Tenggara, Aceh, West Papua,
Gorontalo, and Papua.