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Air Blood
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Diffusion
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Diffusion
A B Liquids A and B are separated from each other.
Separation removed.
• Solid-phase reaction:
The only mechanism for intra particle mass transfer is
molecular diffusion
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Fick’s Law of Diffusion
ΔCA
JA = -D
DABAB
Δx
CA A&B
JA
CA + ΔCA
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010 Δx
Fick’s Law of Diffusion
ΔCA
JA = -DAB concentration
Δx gradient
(mass per volume per
distance)
diffusion coefficient
(or diffusivity) of A in B
Thermal conductivity
Describe the
Heat flux
(Energy per area per time) similarities between
Fick’s Law and
Fourier’s Law
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Diffusivity
For ions (dissolved matter) in dilute aqueous solution
at room temperature:
D ≈ 0.6 to 2 x10-9 m2/s
For biological molecules in dilute aqueous solution at
room temperature:
D ≈ 10-11 to 10-10 m2/s
For gases in air at 1 atm and at room temperature:
D ≈ 10-6 to x10-5 m2/s
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Prediction of Diffusivity in Liquids
For very large spherical molecules (A) of 1000 molecular
weight or greater diffusing in a liquid solvent (B) of small
molecules:
9.96 x 10-12 T
DAB = applicable
μ VA1/3 for biological
solutes such
DAB - diffusivity in cm2/s as proteins
T - temperature in K
μ - viscosity of solution in kg/m s
VA - solute molar volume at its normal boiling point
in m3/kmol
∆C A
NA = - (D + ED)
∆x
where ED is the eddy diffusivity, and
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
is dependent on the flow pattern
Microscopic (or Fick’s Law) approach:
∆CA
JA = - D
∆x
NA = - k ΔCA
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Macroscopic (or mass transfer coefficient) approach:
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Macroscopic (or mass transfer coefficient) approach:
NA = - k ΔCA
concentration
difference
(mass per volume)
mass transfer coefficient
.
Qconv.
= h (Tsurface – Tfluid)
A
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Macroscopic (or mass transfer coefficient) approach:
NA = -k ΔCA = k (CA1 – C A2 )
CA1 A&B
NA
CA2
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Macroscopic (or mass transfer coefficient) approach:
NA = -k ΔCA = k (CA1 – C A2 )
CA1 = PA1 / RT
CA2 = PA2 / RT CA1 A&B
NA
CA2
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010
Macroscopic (or mass transfer coefficient) approach:
NA = k (PA1 – P A2 ) / R T
PA1 A&B
NA
PA2
R. Shanthini
24 May 2010