•Stability of Precast/Prestressed

•Concrete Bridge Girders

•Roy L. Eriksson, P.E. - Eriksson Technologies, Inc.

•PCEF Committee - August 20, 2015, Raleigh, NC
•Copyright © 2015 Eriksson Technologies, Inc.

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•Stability Overview
 Stabilitas Girder : Tanggung Jawab Siapa??
 Tahapan Pemasangan Girder
 Jenis-jenis Stability
 Uraian Theory Stability
 Peralatan Angkat
 Cara-cara Meningkatkan Stability
 Peran Pemilik, Direksi Supervisi & Kontraktor

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•Stability: Who’s Responsible?
 Pemilik?
 Engineer? (Perencana, Pengawas)
 Pabrik Girder?
 Jasa Pengankutan Girder?
 Pelaksanaan Erection?
 Kontractor?

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•Stages in the Life of a Girder
 Pelepasan proses Prestress
 Lifting Girder dari Cetakan
 Pindahkan Girder ke Gudang
 Penyimpanan di Gudang
 Pengangkuran Girder
 Erection Girder
 Penyelesaian Girder yang terpasang

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•Tahapan Pemasangan Girder

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•Stages in the Life of a Girder

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•Pengangkutan Girder ke Lokasi

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•Erektion Girder

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•Pengangkatan Girder

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•Menaruh Girder

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•Lateral Stability
 Ada 2 jenis :
•- Tipe Balok tergantung
•- Tipe balok Tersupport
 Dalam kasus ini hanya dibahas Balok Tergantung
 Sumber : Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed
Concrete Beams (Mast 1989)
- Kestabilan Lateral Akibat Momen
- Tidak ada lateral-torsional buckling, seperti yang
umumnya terjadi pada balok baja
 Kekakuan Torsional prestressed concrete beams
>> steel beams
 Hitungan Stabilitas Girder, hanya berfokus pada :
- Sistim Keseimbangan Statis
- Kemampuan Girder menahan gaya lateral
terutama terhadap :
 Retak
 Kekuatan menahan momen •2
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•Theory of Stability
 Sumbu Putar
 Keseimbagan gaya Putar/Monen
 Factors of Safety

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•Sumbu Putar
 Garishubung Titik Angkat
 Center of Gravity Berada di Bawah Sumbu Putar
•Keseimbangan Gaya Putar
•Factors of Safety

 Mr = Momen penyebab Rotasi

 Ma = Momen Penahan rotasi

 FS karena cracking minimal : 1.0

 FS karena momen minimal : 1.5

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•Factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
Stability - Lifting

 Jenis Girder-nya
 Panjang Girder
 Letak titik Angkat
 Jumlah Kabel prestress
 Jenis Material Beton

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•Factors Influencing Stability - Transport
 Jenis Girder-nya
 Panjang Girder
 Letak titik Angkat
 Jumlah Kabel prestress
 Jenis Material Beton
 Jenis Truk Pengangkut
 Geometrik Jalan Raya

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•Peralatan Pengangkat
 Pengangkat menggunkan kabel
 Formwork Traveller
 Peralatan Pengangkat yang khusus

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•Strand Lifters
•Pros •C o n s
 Inexpensive  Deterioration
 Readily available  Fabrication tolerance
•- Typically made in-  Placement tolerance
•plant
 Load distribution to
 Variable sizing:
•- Variable stand dia. •each lifter
•- # strands/lifter
•- # lifters/end

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•Strand Lifters

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2
•Commercial Lifters
•Pros Cons
 Reliable Higher cost


 Corrosion Somewhat limited



•resistant capacity

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•Special Hardware
•Pros Cons
 Corrosion resistant Requires coordination


 High capacity with designer

 Quick connect Engineered system


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•Improving Stability
 Adjust lift point location
 Raise roll axis
 Add top strands
 Brace top flange
 Increase f’c
 Increase Iyy (i.e., change beam)

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•Move Lift Points
 Reduces distance between roll axis and CG
 Easiest, most effective
 Need to check stresses!

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•Raise Roll Axis
 Raise roll axis above the top of the girder
 Requires special hardware
•Add Top Strands
 Add 2 to 6 strands to top flange
 Can be pretensioned to post-tensioned
 Strands can be fully or partially stressed
 Add mid-span debonding if necessary to
•pretensioned strands
 Coordinate with EOR!

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•Add Top Strands

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•Add Top Strands

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•Allowable Stresses
 Allowable tension
 Allowable compression
 What are appropriate limit?
 EOR vs. fabricator
 Impact factors

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•Impact Factors
 Handling in yard
•- Under fabricator’s control
•- Range: 1.00 – 1.20
 During transport
•- Dependent upon many variable
 Higher speed
 Variable road condition
•- Range: 1.20 – 1.50
 Truck
 Barge
 Rail

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•Brace Top Flange
 Bolt a transversely-oriented steel truss to top
•flange of girder
 Increases lateral stiffness
 Labor-intensive
 Last resort

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•Rigging
 Single-crane pick
 Two-crane pick

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•PCI Resources
 PCI Girder Stability Subcommittee
•- Glenn Myers, P.E., Chair
 Lateral Stability Guidelines for Prestressed
•Concrete Girders
 Excel Spreadsheet Tool
 Upcoming Training
 William N. Nickas, P.E.
•- Managing Director, Transportation Systems

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•Questions?

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