FISIOLOGI MATA

Raja Muhammad Syafiq Bin Raja Azman

C11113841
CONTENT OF SLIDE
01 Aqueous Humor

02 Intraoccular Pressure

03 Metabolism of Occular Tissue

04 Physiology of Vision
Aqueous Humor
 Anatomy
• Give nutrition to the avascular structure
• Clear fluid
• Osmotic pressure > PLASMA
• Content : glucose, urea, proteins, inorganic salts, ascor
bic acids, dissolved O2
• Wall of structure inside occular are semipermeable :
blood-aquoeus barrier
Formation
• Hypothesis of active cilliary secretory process (cilliary
epithelium)
• Combination of two processes : ultrafiltration (25%) +
active cilliary secretory process (75%)
• Active transport of sodium = volume of water enters oc
cular cavity
• Gets the energy from citric acid cycle
 Ciculation
• Importance for regulation of IOP
• Drained out by two pathways : trabecular meshwork an
d uveoscleral route
Trabecular Meshwork :
• 75-90%
• Formed AH  accumulate in post chamber then enters
ant chamber through iris  drained  drainage chann
els (trabecular meshwork  canal of schelm  aqueou
s vein episcleral vein and intrascleral venous plexus)
 Circulation
Uveoscleral Route
• 10-26%
• The AH  cilliary body  suprachoroidal spaced  ve
nous circulation
Intraoccular Pressure
• Pressure inside the eyball
• Determined by production and drainage of AH
• Normal :12-20 mmHg
• Measure : tonometer, schiotz
 Homeostasis
• Controlled at the center of Hypothalamus
• Afferent : not yet known clearly
• Efferent : from sympathetic  spinal cord  cervical
ganglion  goes to eye (by cervical chain and ophtal
mic arteries)
• Throught the day, the difference vary about 2mmHg
• The pressure changes in morning
 Altered IOP
• Hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
• Osmotic Pressure in blood
• Increase permeability of capillaries
• Changes in volume of the eyeball
• Obstruction in circulation of AH
• Alteration in AH production
Metabolism of Occular
Tissues
 Introduction
• Occular tissues : Vacularize & Nonvascularized
• Vascularized get the nutrition from the blood vessels
• Non vascularized : Cornea and Lens, gets the energy
from Phosphorylation of Carbohydrates and Auto-oxid
ative systems
Non Vascularized Tissues
Cornea
• Need energy to maintain its transparency
• The energy/food can be supplied by : prelimbical capil
laries, aqueous humor, and tears
• Carbohydrates : enters by simple/active transport thro
ugh AH
• O2 : dissolves in tears & conjungtiva palpebra vessel
s
Non Vascularized Tissues
Lens
• Mainly Carbohydrates
• Metabolism by 4 pathways :
 Glycolysis (80%)
 Citric acid cycle
 HMP
 Sorbitol pathways (5%)
Physiology of Vision
 Vision
• Lights falls at retina  2 process (photochemical and el
ectrical changes)
Electrical Changes
• Lights will breaks rod pigments  reversible reaction
Electrical
Reversible potential &
Reaction visual
resps

Optic Bipolar
Nerve Cells

Ganglion
cells
 Vision
Stimulation Of Light at Retina
• 3 types of stimulations : light sense, form sense and
color sense
Light Sense
• Ability tu receive the all gradient of light intensity
• Minimal ammount of light that initiates visual : light mi
nimal
• Weber’s Law
 Vision
Form Sense
• Ability to receive a shape of objects
• The functions of cones cells
• Highly dense at the fovea
• Visual acuity/central vision
 Vision
Color Sense
• Ability to determine or differentiate the colors
• Primary colors : blue, green and red
• Cones cells contain 3 types of pigment which absorbs
red, green, blue wavelength of light
• Types of wavelength :
 Short-wavelength sensitive (s-cones)
 Medium-wavelength sensitive (m-cones)
 Long-wavelength sensitive (L-cones)
Thank you