WHAT IS MOTIVATION

Motivation

Motivation is an internal process that

account for individuals intensity , direction
and persistence of effort towards attaining
any goal
 THREE COMMON ASPECTS OF
MOTIVATION

 INTENSITY :
concerns about how hard a
person tries.

o DIRECTION :
concerns about the choice that is
most appealing.

o PERSISTANCE :
deals with the dedication
one brings for completion of
task
 CONTENT THEORIES OF
MOTIVATION

 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

 McGregor Theory X & Theory Y.

 Alderfer ERG Theory.

 McClelland’s Need for Achievement, Affiliation & Power.

 Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory.

 1. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
 was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York
 received BA (1930), MA (1932), PhD (1934) all in Psychology.
 best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Maslow’s Theory___________________________________
 2. MCGREGOR THEORY X & THEORY Y

 Douglas Murray McGregor (1906 – 1 October 1964)

 was born in Detroit, earned B.E. (Mechanical) from RIT,
an BA from Wayne State University in 1932, then earned
an M.A. and Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University in 1933 and
1935 respectively.
 taught psychology at MIT
 Further developed the Maslow’s Needs Concept by studying managers ,
dealing with employees, McGregor proposed two distinct views of
human beings.
 Theory X (negative) Theory Y (positive)
_____________________________________________________________________
o Theory X --
assumes that workers have little ambition, dislike work, avoid
responsibility and require close supervision.

o Theory Y –
assumes that workers can exercise self direction, desire
responsibility and ability to develop innovative problem solving
approaches.
 McGregor believed Theory X at best meets Maslow’s lower needs ,
while Theory Y also met higher order needs .
 One must have more motivated employees if one adopts Theory Y.
 3. ALDERFER ERG THEORY

 Clayton Paul Alderfer (September 1, 1940 - October 30,

2015) was an American psychologist, and consultant.
 Alderfer further developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by
categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence,
Relatedness and Growth)
_ERG_Theory____________________________________________
______________
 4. MCCLELLAND'S NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT,
AFFILIATION & POWER

 Need Theory also k/as Three Needs Theory proposed by

psychologist David McClelland.

 McClelland Three Needs Theory

There are three major acquired needs that are major motives of
work :

i. Need for Achievement ( nAch ) – The drive to excel and

succeed.
ii. Need for Power ( nPow ) – The need to influence
the behavior of others.
iii. Need for Affiliation ( nAff ) –The desire for
interpersonal relationships
 MCCLELLAND'S NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT,
AFFILIATION & POWER
 Need for Achievement ( nAch ) :
• They prefer working on tasks with moderate difficulty.
• Want to accomplish challenging but attainable goals.
• Prefer working alone rather than teams.
• Motivated by accomplishment in workplace & with promotional positions.

 Need for Power ( nPow ) :

• Enjoy work and place.
• People with a high need for power want to influence others, take control and
change people &/or situations.
• Person motivated by this need enjoys status recognition, winning
arguments, competition & influencing others.

 Need for Affiliation ( nAff ) :

• People having need for affiliation prefer spend time in creating &
maintaining social relationships.
• Adhere to norms of workplace & doesn’t like to change norms.
• People works well in areas based on social interactions like customer service
& client interaction positions.
• Have a desire to feel loved and accepted.
 5. HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY

 Frederick Irving Herzberg (April 18, 1923 – January 19,

2000), was an American psychologist most famous for
introducing the Motivator-Hygiene theory also k/as two
factor theory.
_____________________________________________________________