Fluid flow

‫سیالی بہاؤ‬
 ‫تشریح االصطالحات‬
‫‪1. Turbulent flow‬‬ ‫متموج بہاؤ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫متالطم ‪/‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪2. Streamline flow‬‬ ‫سبک بہاؤ ‪ ،‬غیر متالطم بہاؤ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪/laminar flow‬‬ ‫متموج بہاؤ ‪ ،‬برقرار بہاؤ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫غیر‬
‫‪3. Abruptly‬‬ ‫اچانک‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪4. Non viscous‬‬ ‫غیر چپچپہ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪5. Incompressible‬‬ ‫ناقابلِ داب‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫‪6. Steadily‬‬ ‫یکسانیت کے ساتھ ‪/‬برقرار‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫‪7. Adjacent layers‬‬ ‫ملحقہ تہیں‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
Moving fluids have Fluid Flow
great importance .
To learn about the
behavior of moving
fluid , we consider Fluid Flow
their flow through
pipes. When a fluid
is in motion, it can
be divided into two Streamline
/ Laminar
Turbulent
forms.
 Streamline /laminar flow
The flow is streamline if it flows regularly &
steadily through a point .
In this case the particles of fluid move along a
smooth path . In this case, the different streamlines
cannot cross each other . This condition is called
steady flow condition.
Turbulent Flow The irregular or
unsteady flow of
fluid is called
turbulent flow.
Under this condition
, the velocity of the
fluid changes
abruptly.
 Characteristics of ideal fluid
1. The fluid is non viscous i.e. there is no
internal frictional force b/w adjacent
layers of fluid.
2. The fluid is incompressible, i.e., its
density is constant .
3. The fluid motion is steady.
 Equation of Continuity
Consider a fluid flowing through a pipe of non-
uniform size. The particles of the fluid have
streamline flow along the shaded portion as
shown in fig.
 In a small time D t ,the fluid at the lower
end of the tube moves a distance Dx1, with
velocity v1. If A1 is the area of cross-section
of this end , the mass of the fluid present in
the shaded region is
Dm1= r1A1 Dx1= r1A1 v1Dt

(Dx1= v1 D t)
r=m / V
m= r V
Similarly the fluid that moves with velocity
v2 through the upper end of the pipe having
area of the cross-section A2 in the same
time D t .
Dm2 = r2A2 v2D t
 If the fluid is incompressible and flow is
steady, the mass of the fluid is conserved. It
means that the mass flowing into the narrow
end is equal to the mass flowing through
the vide end in the same time.
Therefore, Dm1 = Dm2
putting the values , we get
r1A1 v1Dt = r2A2 v2D t
This is called the equation of continuity
As the density of the fluid is constant for the
steady flow of incompressible fluid , the
equation of continuity becomes
A1v1 = A2 v2
The product of the area of cross-section of
the pipe and the fluid speed at any point
along the pipe is constant.
 Examples
• Minor
• Water from tube well pipe and khaal.
 Example Solution
A water hose with an 1. . Mass of fluid =30kg.
internal diameter
of 20mm at the 2. Cross-sectional area=pr2
outlet discharges 3. The mass of water
30 kg of water in
60s. Calculate the discharging through area A ?
water speed at 4. Dm = r A v D t
outlet. Assume the
density of water is 5. v = Dm / r A D t
1000kgm-3 and its 6. v = 30/(1000x 3.14x(10-3)2x60
flow is steady.
7. v = 1.6ms-1