BASIC FACTS ON

HIV
Reported by: Jolina Mae G. Natuel
Bachelor of Elementary Education
Prof. Membrebe
What is HIV?

H -uman
Found only in humans
Transmitted among humans
Preventable by humans

I -mmunodefiency
Body lacks ability to fight off infections

V -irus
Type of germ
Lives and reproduces in body cells
 AIDS
A -cquired; received, not inherited (does not run
in families)

I -mmuno; protected from (in this case the

system protects the body from disease)

D -eficiency, - a lack of
S-yndrome; – a group of symptoms or
diseases
 HIV IS FOUND IN BODY
FLUIDS
 Semen

 Breast milk

 Blood

 Vaginal fluid
How HIV is passed on?
 During unprotected (skin to skin) sex (anal,
vaginal or oral)

 Contact with HIV infected blood or blood

products

 Sharing IV drug needles of HIV positive people

 From HIV positive mother to child

 During breast feeding

You CANNOT get HIV from…
 Tears
 Saliva
 Sweat
 Urine
of an HIV infected person
 Window Period

 When a person gets infected it may take 6

weeks or up to 3 months before antibodies
to HIV are detected in the blood

 The HIV test looks for antibodies. When

these antibodies are detected the person is
diagnosed HIV positive

 A person can be positive and the test shows

negative because the test was done during
the window period
Why HIV rates not going down?
 Sex at an early age
 Little life-skills and sex education
 Little condom use
 Multiple partners
 Stigma and Discrimination
 Sex for money or sex for .....things
 Substance abuse: Ganja, cocaine, alcohol
 Men having sex with men & homophobia
 Gender inequity and gender roles
 STI and HIV – The Link
 Persons with a history of STIs are more likely to get
HIV because:
 persons with STIs are more likely to have sores
and small breaks in the skin and lining of their
genitals.

 HIV can more easily enter the body through

these breaks.
 STI and HIV – The Link
 You can get an STI by having sex without a condom,
with an infected person.

 At the same time, you could be getting HIV which is

also contracted by having unprotected sex.
ALL STIs are Preventable

Most STI’s are treatable

But

HIV/AIDS CANNOT BE CURED

Prevention Treatment
Prevention

 Talk with partner about HIV

 Use a condom with your regular and non-

regular clients, and partners every time
you have sex

 Reduce the number of main partners

 Get tested. Know your status

Who is most at risk for HIV?
 Anybody having sex without a condom.

 People with more than 1 partner who

don’t use a condom during sex

 People whose sex partner have sex with

other partners without using a condom
How You DON’T Get HIV
 You CANNOT get HIV by
hugging, touching,
living with or caring for
someone with HIV,
shaking hands or
kissing.

 You CANNOT get HIV

from eating out of the
same plate or cup or
utensils that an HIV
positive person uses.
Early Signs & Symptoms of HIV
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Night Sweats
 Loss of Appetite
 Diarrhea
 Swollen Lymph Glands

Remember these are symptoms of many other illnesses.

REMEMBER
 You CANNOT tell by looking if someone has
HIV.

 An individual can look and feel well for many

years and be HIV positive.

 The HIV positive person can pass the virus on

to someone else.
Getting on with Life

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“UPDATE on HIV
Epidemic”
HIV in Philippines
• WHO: The Philippines has fastest growing HIV epidemic in the
world
• The health department identified the 6 cities and their
corresponding prevalence rate
among males who have sex with males (MSM) as the following:
• Quezon City - 6.6%
• Manila - 6.7%
• Caloocan - 5.3%
• Cebu - 7.7% (Needle sharing)
• Davao - 5.0%
• Cagayan de Oro - 4.7%
HIV in Philippines
• Around 25 Filipinos get diagnosed with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) daily- The DOH's latest HIV/AIDS
and ART Registry report is as of May 2016.
• An upward trend: In 2008, only 1 person was getting infected
daily. This jumped to 17 per day in 2014.
• "This is an underestimate of people who actually have HIV
because some refuse to be tested or do not know where and
how to get tested, especially in urban areas,
• The 3,802 new cases recorded in the Philippines from January
to May 2016 bring the total number since January 1984 to
34,158.
HIV in Philippines
 The national HIV prevalence remains low at
0.1%, but prevalence rates are "rapidly
expanding" in key affected populations, and may
exceeds 5%, in a matter of two years‘ time,
(WHO)
 Male to male sex and sex with both males and
females with 3,132 new cases
 Male to female sex with 476 new cases from
January to May 2016
 Sharing of infected needles with 187 new cases
HIV in Philippines
 Mother-to-child transmissions with 7 new cases
 Out of the 739 new cases in May 2016 alone, 202
cases were recorded among 15 to 24-year-olds,
and 388 cases among 25 to 34-year-olds.
 Some of those infected said they got the illness
after engaging in casual or group sex, which they
discovered through social networking sites on the
Internet.
 Women are becoming the key affected
population…Most of the HIV cases are men.
BARRIERS TO CONTROL THE HIV EPIDEMIC
“MISINFORMATION, DISCRIMINATION & STIGMA”
 Prejudice, negative attitudes and abuse directed at people living with HIV
and AIDS.
 Lack of awareness/Misconceptions:
-HIV and AIDS are always associated with death!
-HIV is only transmitted through sex, (especially gay-sex)
which is a taboo subject in some cultures
 Linking HIV to improper or immoral behavior (like homosexuality, drug
 use, sex work or infidelity)
 Fear of contagion-casual contact stemming from incomplete knowledge
 about HIV transmission
 Fear of losing income/livelihood, family/social support
 Loss of hope and feelings of worthlessness
 Loss of reputation and self prestige

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BARRIERS TO CONTROL THE HIV EPIDEMIC
In Philippines

 • Treatment is mostly available in government-controlled centers

 • Patients can only get their ART prescriptions in designated "treatment
 hubs".
 • The only one-pill regimen available is Atripla.
 • The young population is not targeted well.
 • One major issue is an old HIV/AIDS law, written back in the late 1990s,
 with the intention of protecting privacy. Teenagers can only get HIV
 testing with parental consent
 • Some industries require HIV testing prior to hiring.
 (This is against the law, and is not properly
Let’s Get It Right!
You Won’t Get HIV From:
 • Touching, hugging, shaking hand, or social contact, such as
 schools and offices.
 • Casual kissing- risky only if you both have large open sores or
 bleeding gums and blood is exchanged
 • Coughing, sneezing or spitting from an infected person
 • Sharing drinking glasses or exposure to infected person’s saliva,
 sweat, tears, urine, or feces.
 • Sharing toilet seats, faucet handles, tables, door handles, cutlery,
 towels
 • Swimming pools, baths, shower areas or from drinking fountains.
 • Oral sex, used condoms, mutual masturbation
 • Tattoos and piercings (If done professionally)
 • Insects/mosquitoes/animal bites.
HIV Prevention
PrEP- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

 • People who are HIV-negative and at high risk

for HIV (discordant couples) can take daily
medicine to prevent HIV before gets exposure.
• Truvada (Tenofovir DF/Emtricitabine)
One tab/day, if taken regularly, reduces the risk
of HIV transmission in uninfected partners by
up to 92%
• Only condoms can help protect against other
STDs.

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HIV Medications

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Can YOU support someone living with
HIV?