MICRO AIR VEHICLES

MOHAMED RINJU P M
S7M2
ROLL NO:27209
WHAT ARE MAVS(AV’S)?
 Multi functional, militarily capable, small flight
vehicles.
 size should be less than15cms.
 Reynolds's no < 10^5.
 For a Primarily intended and developed for
defence applications.
WHY MAV’S? WHY NOT
SOMETHING BIGGER?
 Keeps security personnel out of harms by
providing situational awareness right down to
platoon level.
 Direct connectivity
 Can be individually controlled
 Can be used for a wide range of new
missions _ (even unthought-of before)
 APPLICATIONS
 Reconnaissance  Targeting
 Surveillance  Border surveillance
 Defence applications
 Traffic monitoring
 Weather forecast
 Tracking criminals &
illegal activities
 Wildlife study  Biochemical sensing
&photography  inspection of pipes
 Crowd control
OVER THE HILL
RECONNAISSANCE
MOTHER BIRD APPROACH
Tracking of chemicals
MAIN SUB SYSTEMS
1. FLIGHT CONTROL

2. PROPULSION SYSTEM

3. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

4. GUIDANCE&NAVIGATION
MAV flight regime compared with
existing flight vehicles
FLIGHT
CONTROL&AERODYNAMICS

 Reynolds's no:= inertia force/viscous force

 Low Reynolds's no: flights may have lift to drag ratio of 5
to 10.
 The best aspect ratios usually lie between 1&2
 Angle of attack should be 5-12° for good endurance.
 If angle of attack <5, low aerodynamic efficiency
 Endurance=/power requirement
 For optimal endurance the mav should fly at7°
ACTIVE OR PASSIVE CONTROL

 Use strategies using MEMS

 Create &install tiny sensors
 miniature actuators
 Flow character controlled by sensor arrays
 Flexible membranes or micro flaps to affect
the flow as required
 Micro motors piezoelectric devices magneto
elastic ribbons
WING DESIGN AND
FABRICATION

 Types of wings
 wing shapes
 Composite materials,
 Carbon fibres
 carbon fibre-balsawood sand
witches are commonly used
Inflatable wing
 Distend (fill) with air or gas

 Application in UAV, military

 To stow the wings

 Can be launched from gun or aircraft

Advantages of aircrafts with
inflatable wings
 Can be packed to 1/10 of original size
 Low mass
 Low power requirements
 High reusability
 It can be steered, accelerated, and
decelerated in level flight.
 High stability and control
 High lift and slow landing speed
Experiment on inflatable wing
 Experiment conducted
using I 2000
 It was launched from
800-1000 feet
 Inflatable wings comes
out in 1\3 sec
 Successfully controlled
the launch,flight and
landing
Controlling of wing
 by using piezoelectric
material
 actuator can be quartz and substrate can be
aluminum or steel

 inflatable wings has smooth surface so low

value of skin friction
I-2000 & X-24A
 Both have inflatable
wing
 I-2000 is UAV
 X-24A is manned
 Disadvantages
 They are not self powered

 Cannot launch from ground

 There are chances of air bag buckling

PROPULSION SYSTEM

 Propulsion system alone consumes 90% of total

power
 Lithium alkaline batteries
 IC engines
 Reciprocating chemical muscle
 Lithium battery that recharges using solar
energy and fuel cells are also future prospects
 Self consuming systems
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

 A video/still camera,
 various sensors,
 micro processors,
 Transducers
 & an omni directional antennae
GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION

 A combination of GPS+inertial sensing is

ideal
 Geographical information system to
provide a map terrain for infrastructure
would be great
 Pressure sensors
MAV SYSTEM INTEGRATION
REFERENCES
 Research paper “Death by a thousand cuts”micro air vehicles in the service of air force missions- by
ARTHUR F HUBER,II LT COL USAF
 http://mil.ufl.edu/~nechyba
 2. Davis, W.R., "Micro UAV," Presentation to 23rd Annual AUVSI Symposium, 15-19 July, 1996.

Research paper by James M. McMichael Program Manager Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency
 and
 Col. Michael S. Francis, USAF (Ret.) formerly of Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office
 MICRO AERIAL VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT: DESIGN, COMPONENTS, FABRICATION, AND FLIGHT-
TESTING
Research paper by Gabriel Torres and Thomas J. Mueller
 117 Hessert Center, University of Notre Dame
 Notre Dame, IN 46556
 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MICRO AIR VEHICLE
 CONCEPT: PROJECT BIDULE
 Mr T. Spoerry1, Dr K.C. Wong
 School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
 University of Sydney
 NSW 2006
 Aerodynamics for engineers:-John J. Bertin
 Mechanics of flight :-A.C Kermode
 Inflatable wing on aircraft article :-new scientist june 2001
 www. nasa explores. COM\aerodynamics\inflatable wing
 Miller, Jay,, The X-Planes, Aero fax, Arlington, Texas, 1988
 morphing of inflatable wing for UAV David Cardigan* and Tim
Smith†
 ILC Dover, Frederica, DE 19946
 Innovative Wing Design Could Soar in Martian Skies by
benianntova
 Inflatable wing for high lift john H gleen research centre Ohio
 www.nastech.com/mechtech
 www.spaceref.com/newtech
 www.nasa.gov/aerodynamics
 www.nasa.gov/multimeadia
BACK REFERENCES
 Mueller, T. J., "Low Reynolds Number Vehicles", AGARDograph No. 288, 1985
 Lissaman, P. B. S., "Low-Reynolds-Number Airfoils", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 15, 1983, pp. 223-239
 Burgart, M., Miller, J., and Murphy, L., "Design of a Micro Air Vehicle for the 2000 MAV Competition", internal progress report, University of Notre
Dame, 2000
 ernet, 14 December 2000, available from http://defence-data.com/f2000/
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 Int 025, August 1996, n.p.; On-line. Internet, 18 December 2000, available from
 http://www.au.af.mil/au/2025/index2.htm.
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 Conference on Fixed, Flapping and Rotary Vehicles at Very Low Reynolds Numbers,
 5-7 June 2000, University of Notre Dame, ed. Thomas J. Mueller, 13 pages.
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 Internet, 24 August 2000, available from http://www.darpa.mil/MTO/MEMS/
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