Professional Documents
Culture Documents
*oppositive of benefactive
(Semi-) Differences
Elena le tiene miedo (saca provecho, hace caso ...) a José.
DO IO
Elena is afraid of Joe (cf. has pity for Joe)
Subj Comp. DO IO
Elena le da cuerda (da media vuelta, echa un vistazo, echa la culpa) al reloj.
DO IO
winds ... (cf. gives bread crumbs to the pigeons)
DO IO
Elena le lavó el pelo a José, vs. lavó el pelo de José
DO IO
Washed Joe’s hair
Why are some IOs in PPs?
French
Before 1066, English IOs normally preceded DO and had a dative suffix
With influence of French, borrowed verbs behaved as in French and took IOs as
PPs
I gave her a dollar
?I donated her a dollar
She bought me a plushie
?She purchased me a plushie
cause X to go to Y: Oliver drove the car for Tania vs. *Oliver drove Tania the car
cause Y to have X: Janice gave Chandler a headache vs. *Janice gave a
headache to Chandler
Le vs Lo – levels of affectedness
Luisa lo distrajo
El ruido le distrajo
Su pasado __ persigue
Su muerte __ afectó
El olor __ encantó
3. In generic references:
4. In non-particular references:
Jorge salió sin abrigo. George left without a coat.
¿Tiene hijo tu prima? Does your cousin have a
child?
Nora suele llevar Nora generally wears a hat
sombrero.
Mauricio es arquitecto. Maurice is an architect
General rule for articles in Spanish
How does Chilean use of vo(s) differ from other areas where
it’s used?
Major Contrasts between Spa and Eng pronouns
1. Spa has freer pronoun movement
La quiero ver/ quiero verla vs. I want to see her/ *her i want to see
4. Spa makes finer distinctions between formal and informal (usted / tú / vos)
Why does Spa distinguish between stressed and
unstressed pronouns?
Set 2, unstressed pronouns are all clitics and must
psych verbs
● aburrir(se) ● enojar(se)
Can be included ● alegrar(se) ● enfurecer( se)
in the intransive bunch ● animar/se) ● entristecer(se)
or in the inchoative bunch ● asombrar(se) ● entusiasmar(se)
● asustar(se) ● extrañar(se)
● calmar(se) ● inquietar(se)
● confundir(se) ● interesar( se)
● conmover(se) ● molestar(se)
● deprimir( se) ● ofender(se)
● desesperar(se) ● preoeupar(se)
● desilusionar(se) ● sorprender(se)
9.3.9 Passive and impersonal se