By :~ ANSHITA ARYA

4th yr EC
SMCET
 R S POWER INDIA
It was established in 1998, and is located in RIICO
industrial area in jaipur.

It manufactures relays, transformer, UPS, inverter.

During last seven years its turnover is 100%.

What is an Embedded System
An Embedded System is a microprocessor based
system that is embedded as a subsystem, in a
larger system (which may or may not be a
computer system).

I O
 Application areas

 Automotive electronics

 Aircraft electronics

 Trains

 Telecommunication

 Medical system
Essential Components
Microprocessor / DSP
Sensors
Converters (A-D and D-A)
Memory (On-chip and Off chip)
Communication path with the interacting
environment
A Mix of Disciplines
Application Domain (Signal processing, control …)
Software Engg. ( Design Process plays an important role)
Programming Language
Compilers and Operating System
Architecture – Processor and IO techniques
 Parallel and Distributed Computing
Real Time Systems
“... the New York Times has
estimated that the average Most of the
American comes into contact with functionality
about 60 micro-processors every of embedded
day....” [Camposano, 1996] systems
will be implemented
in software!

Latest top-level BMWs

contain over 100 micro-
processors
[Personal communication]
 Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Diodes
Interface components
Transistors
Bipolar
Field effect
Integrated circuits
Analog
Digital
Microcontroller
Integrated circuits (ICs) are multi-terminal
devices that provide an array of functions and
applications far to numerous to list here.
Pins are numbered sequentially
in a counterclockwise
direction. Pin 8
Pin 14

Pin 1 is often identified with a Notch

dot or a dimple.
Dimpl
e
The pin end of the chip is Pin 7
Pin 1
often identified with a notch.
Different aspects of a
microprocessor/controller
Hardware :Interface to the real world

Software :order how to deal with inputs

The necessary tools for a
microprocessor/controller
CPU: Central Processing Unit
I/O: Input /Output
Bus: Address bus & Data bus
Memory: RAM & ROM
Timer
Interrupt
Serial Port
Parallel Port
General-purpose microprocessor
 CPU for Computers
 No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
 Example ： Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0

Many chips on mother’s board

Data Bus
CPU
General-
Serial
Purpose RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
Micro- Port
Port
processor
Address Bus

General-Purpose Microprocessor System

Microcontroller :

 A smaller computer
 On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
 Example ： Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X

CPU RAM ROM

A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port
Port
Microcontroller
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
Microcontroller
Microprocessor • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
CPU is stand-alone, RAM, timer are all on a single chip
ROM, I/O, timer are
• fix amount of on-chip ROM,
separate
designer can decide on the RAM, I/O ports
amount of ROM, RAM and• for applications in which cost,
I/O ports. power and space are critical
expansive • single-purpose
versatility
general-purpose
 Block Diagram
External interrupts
On-chip Timer/Counter

Interrupt ROM for

On-chip Timer 1 Counter
Control program
code RAM Timer 0 Inputs

CPU

Bus Serial
4 I/O Ports
OSC Control Port

P0 P1 P2 P3 TxD RxD
Address/Data
Pin Description of the 8051
P1.0 1 40 Vcc
P1.1 2 39 P0.0(AD0
P1.2 3 38 P
) 0.1(AD1)
P1.3
P1.4
4
5
8051 37
36
P0.2(AD2
P
) 0.3(AD3)
P1.5 6 (8031) 35 P0.4(AD4)
P1.6 7 34 P0.5(AD5)
P1.7 8 33 P0.6(AD6)
RST 9 32 P0.7(AD7)
(RXD)P3.0 10 31 EA/VPP
(TXD)P3.1 11 30 ALE/PROG
(INT0)P3.2 12 29 PSEN
(INT1)P3.3 13 28 P2.7(A15)
(T0)P3.4 14 27 P2.6(A14)
(T1)P3.5 15 26 P2.5(A13)
(WR)P3.6 16 25 P2.4(A12)
(RD)P3.7 17 24 P2.3(A11)
XTAL2 18 23 P2.2(A10)
XTAL1 19 22 P2.1(A9)
GND 20 21 P2.0(A8)
THANKING YOU