BY PATRICIA DANIELE S.

LUCAS
SECTION: 4CHE-C
The velocity distribution for the flow of a
Newtonian fluid between two wide parallel
3𝑉 𝑦 2
plates is 𝑈 = 1− where V = mean
2 ℎ
velocity. The fluid has a viscosity of 0.04 𝐼𝑏𝑠 ∗
2
𝑓𝑡 . When V = 2ft/s and h = 0.2 in.
Determine a.) the shearing stress acting on the
bottom wall , b.) the shearing stress acting on
a plane parallel to the walls & passing
through the centerline (mid-plane).
DIAGRAM OF THE PROBLEM GIVENS:

VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION
Red part in the Diagram
3𝑉 𝑦 2
𝑈 = 1−
2 ℎ

VISCOSITY
𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝜇 = 0.04
𝑓𝑡 2

VELOCITY
𝑓𝑡Τ
𝑣 = 2 𝑠

HEIGHT
H = 0.2 in.
*PARALLEL FLOW , SHEARING STRESS
𝑑𝑢 3𝑉 𝑦2
𝜏=𝜇∗ ∗ 𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸 ∗ 𝑈 = (1 −
𝑑𝑦 2 ℎ
3𝑉 ℎ2 −𝑦2
𝑑 3𝑉(ℎ2 ) 3𝑉(𝑦 2 ) 3𝑉 3𝑉(𝑦 2 ) 3𝑉 3𝑉𝑦
2 ℎ2
𝜏=𝜇∗ ; − = − = ∗ 2𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦 2(ℎ2 ) 2(ℎ2 ) 2 2(ℎ2 ) 2ℎ2 ℎ2

a.) ALONG THE BOTTOM WALL. SINCE BOTTOM Y=-H

𝑑𝑢 3 ∗ 𝑉 ∗ −ℎ 3𝑉
=− =−
𝑑𝑦 ℎ∗ℎ ℎ
3𝑉
𝜏=𝜇∗
ℎ
𝐼𝑏𝑠 3∗2𝑓𝑡ൗ𝑠
SUBSTITUTE: 𝜏𝐵𝑂𝑇𝑇𝑂𝑀𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = 0.04 ൗ𝑓𝑡 2 ∗ = −14.4 𝐼𝑏𝑓 /
0.2 𝑖𝑛∗𝑓𝑡ൗ12 𝑖𝑛
𝑓𝑡 2
 𝐼𝑏𝑓
𝜏𝐵𝑂𝑇𝑇𝑂𝑀𝑊𝐴𝐿𝐿 = 14.4 ൘ 2
𝑓𝑡
* Since the velocity distribution in the bottom wall is symmetrical to the
upper wall , they have a same magnitude of the shearing stress.

b.)ALONG THE MIDPLANE. THE VALUE OF Y IS EQUAL TO ZERO

BECAUSE THERE IS NO HEIGHT IN THE CENTER. CENTER TO THE
WALL.
𝑑𝑢 3 ∗ 𝑉 ∗ 0
= =0
𝑑𝑦 ℎ∗ℎ
Therefore….
𝐼𝑏𝑓
𝜏𝑀𝐼𝐷𝑃𝐿𝐴𝑁𝐸 = 𝜇 ∗ 0 = 0 ൘ 2
𝑓𝑡
Water is flowing at steady state through the
reducing bend in Fig 2.8-3. The angle α2 =
90°C (a right-angle bend). The pressure at
point 2 is 1.0 atm abs. The flow rate is 0.020
m3/s and the diameters at points 1 and 2 are
0.050 m and 0.030 m , respectively. Neglect
frictional and gravitational forces. Calculate
the resultant forces on the bend in newtons
and Ib force. Use 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
DIAGRAM OF THE PROBLEM GIVENS :
 ANGLE AT POINT 2
 𝛼2 = 90° ⊾
PRESSURE AT POINT 2
𝑃2 = 1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
VOLUMETRIC RATE
𝑚3
𝑞 = 0.020
𝑠
DIAMETERS
𝐷1 = 0.050 𝑚
𝐷2 = 0.030 𝑚
 REQUIRED (S):
 𝑅𝑋
𝑅𝑌
 𝜋
𝑄 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑣1 > 0.020 = 0.0502 𝑣1 𝑣1 = 10.1859
4
𝜋
𝑄 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝑣2 > 0.020 = 0.0302 𝑣2 𝑣2 = 28.2942
4
MECHANICAL BALANCE EQUATION:
Δ𝑃 Δ𝑉 2
෍𝐹 + + + Δ𝑍 ∗ 𝑔 = 𝑊𝑠
𝜌 2∗ℒ
∆𝑃 28.29422 − 10.18592
෍𝐹 + + + Δ𝑍 𝑔 = 𝑊𝑠
1000 2(1.0)

• Neglect Frictional Forces. There is no change in height. No pump

nor turbine, so no work done.
Δ𝑃 = 348404.5974 𝑃𝑎
Δ𝑃 = 𝑃2 − 𝑃1 > 348404.5974 = 0 − 𝑃1
𝑃1 = −348404.5974 𝑃𝑎

TO GET THE MASS FLOW RATE : 𝑚 = 𝜈 ∗ 𝜌 ∗ 𝐴

𝜋
𝑚 = 10.1859 1000 ∗ 0.0502 = 19.99999144 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
4
TO GET THE RESULTANT FORCE IN X COMPONENT:
𝑅𝑋 = 𝑚𝑣2 cos ℒ2 − 𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑃2 𝐴2 cos ℒ2 − 𝑃1 𝐴1

𝑅𝑥
= (19.99999144)(28.2942) cos 90 − 19.99999144 10.1859
𝜋 𝜋
+ 0 ∗ 0.0302 cos 90 − (−348404.5974)( ∗ 0.0502 )
4 4
𝑅𝑥 = 480.3729145
 𝑅𝑦 = 𝑚𝑣2 sin ℒ2 + 𝑃2 𝐴2 sin ℒ2 + 𝑚𝑡 (𝑔)

𝜋
𝑅𝑦 = 19.99999144 28.2942 sin 90 + (0)( ∗
4
0.0302 ) sin 90 + 𝑚𝑡 (𝑔)

*cancel out the gravitational forces; neglect according to problem.

𝑅𝑦 = 565.8837578

𝑅= 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2 = 480.3732 + 565.8842 = 742.2822378

Water is flowing in a fire hose with a velocity
of 1.0 m/s and a pressure of 200000 Pa. At
the nozzle the pressure decreases to
atmospheric pressure (101300 Pa), there is no
change in height. Calculate the velocity of the
water exiting the nozzle. (Hint: The density of
water is 1000 kg/m3 and gravity g is 9.81
m/s2 .
DIAGRAM OF THE PROBLEM GIVENS:
VELOCITY
𝑚
𝑉1 = 1.0
𝑠
PRESSURES
𝑃2 = 101300 𝑃𝑎
𝑃1 = 200,000 Pa
DENSITY
𝐾𝑔
𝜌 = 1000
𝑚3
GRAVITIONAL FORCE
𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚Τ𝑠2
*SINCE NO ENTHALPY, FRICTIONAL FORCE OR WORK
NEEDED/GIVEN. USE BERNOULLI’S EQUATION.

Δ𝑃 Δ𝑉 2
+ + Δ𝑍 ∗ 𝑔 = 0
𝜌 2∗ℒ
*SINCE NO CHANGE OF HEIGHT , CANCEL OUT THE Δ𝑃𝐸.

(101300 − 200000) ( 𝑉2 2 − 1.02

+ + Δ𝑍 ∗ 𝑔 = 0
1000 2(1)

𝑉2 = 14.085 𝑚Τ𝑠