Pertemuan XV

TIM BIOLOGI FAPET UB

GHANJIL 2017

Anatomi PERBANDINGAN
saluran pencernaan

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 Mouth
 Functions
 Grasp food
 Taste
 Masticate food
 Mix with saliva

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 Species-dependent
Nutritional Adaptations
 Includes involvement of:
 Gigi
 Rahang dan otot rahang
 Alimentary canal
 Stomach - May be simple or become sacculated to
compartmentalize functions for prolonged storage of
feed and utilization of bacterial fermentation (langures
and ruminants)
 Large intestine - varies substantially in length,
compartmentalization, and complexity among species

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 Structural
Adaptations
of Teeth in
Mammals

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Digestive System
 Small Intestine: long coiled tube
connecting stomach to large intestine
 rest of the digestion and absorbtion takes
place here
 surface covered with villi (surface area)
 Large Intestine: Cecum, colon, rectum
 absorbs water (makes feces more solid)
 some vitamins & minerals absorbed here
 Cecal Fermenters (Horse): similar to rumen
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 Fungsi Saluran pencernakan
 Intestine bag depan
 Ingesti dan penyimpanan makanan
 Intestine bag Tengah
 Digesti mechanic, khemis & enzymatik
 Absorbsi nutrient
 Intestine bag belakang
 water & ion re-absorption
 Membentuk, menyimpan dan ekskresi feces

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Fungsi Utama Saluran Cerna
 Transport food – kontraksi peristaltic
 Digestion – memecah menjadi partikel ke bentuk molekul yang
dapat di absorbs dalam darah
 mekanis
 Kimiawi dengan HCl dan ensim digesti
 Absorption – nutrient di absorbsi ke dalam darah melalui
membrane GIT
 passive diffusion dan active transport
 Synthesis - protein, FA, starch, vitamins
 Excretion – eliminasi waste products
 via bile (toxins, microbes)
 via rectum (Ca, Mg, P)

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 Digestive System
 Accessory organs:
 Pancreas secretes enzymes to break
down fat
 Liver (largest internal organ) secretes
bile, which digests fats
 also stores iron

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 Salivation
 Quantity and composition of saliva varies
considerably between species
 Quantity related to level of chewing activity
 Amount of secretion
 Dogs minimal (lubrication, no enzymes)
 Sheep 3-10 liters/d
 Horse 10-12 liters/d
 Cattle 130-180 liters/d

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Foregut in Birds
•Bottom of the esophagus
forms a sac called crop
• stores undigested food.

• Birds with crop gorge when

food available , store it in
crop, and slowly digest it
later

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 Chicken Beak

Esophagus
Crop (2”)
Small Intestine (55”)
Proventriculus

Gizzard (2”)
Pancreas

Ceca (7”)
Large Intestine (4”)
Cloaca
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 Stomach
 Monogastric
 One compartment
 Varies in size by species
 Ruminant
 4 compartments
 Reticulum
 Rumen
 Omasum
 Abomasum

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 Digestive Tracts

Stomach
Small Intestine

Cecum

Large Intestine

11/08/18 Size
Rule = Function
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 Ruminant Animals
 Ruminant – herbivores possessing
multiple digestive tract compartments
for feed breakdown before feed reaches
the “true” stomach
 True ruminants - cattle, sheep, goats
 Pseudo-ruminants - camels, llamas, alpacas,
vicunas

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 Ruminant Digestion: assisted by microbes
in four-chambered stomach

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 GIT Classifications - Pig
 Monogastric omnivore with limited
post-gastric fermentation
 Simple stomach, not capable of

effective utilization of forage-

based (high fiber) diets
 Unable to digest some of the

substances in grains, fruits and

vegetables

Similar to human

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 GIT Classifications - Horse
 Monogastric herbivore
with extensive post-
gastric fermentation
 Simple stomach incapable
of utilization of forage-
based (high fiber) diets
 Extensive fermentation
after primary sites of
digestion and absorption

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 GIT Classifications - Sheep
 Ruminant herbivore with
extensive pre-gastric
fermentation
 Highly developed sacculated
stomach capable of extensive
and effective utilization of
forage-based (high fiber) diets
 Extensive fermentation before
primary sites of digestion and
absorption
 Similar to cattle and goats

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 Cow
________________________________________
Large intestine Esophagus
_ (33’, 8 gal)
Cecum
(3’, 3 gal) Rumen (paunch)
(43 gal)

Mouth

Abomasum Reticulum
(glandular) (honeycomb)
(5 gal) (2.5 gal)
Small intestine
(150’, 16 gal) Omasum
(4 gal)
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 Selamat menempuh UAS

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