DESIGN OPTIMIZATION

OF A PROSTHETIC
KNEE
PREPARED BY:
SASTIKA BHANDARI (11530006)
TSHERING CHODEN (11530036)
SURYA PRAKASH MEENA (11510739)
(B-TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS, NIT KURUKSHETRA)
OVERVIEW

• Definition of TKA.
• Historic Evolution
• Purpose of selection of the topic.
• Anatomy of human knee
• Components and materials used in knee implant.
• Design
 WHAT IS TOTAL KNEE
ARTHROPLASTY (TKA)?
• Total knee arthroplasty involves replacing
the entire knee joint, both femoral and tibial
surfaces, with anatomically shaped artificial
components in the hope of regaining normal
joint function and permitting a full range of
knee flexion.
• Joint arthroplasty is performed to relieve
pain and improve functionality in a diseased
or damaged joint.
HISTORIC EVOLUTION
th
• 19 century-Interposition of soft tissues from reconstruction of articular surfaces.
st
• 1950s-Walldius designs 1 hinged knee replacement

• 1958-Maclntosh and McKeever introduced acrylic tibial plateau prosthesis to correct

deformity.
st
• 1960s-Gunston introduces 1 cemented surface arthroplasty of knee joint

• 1970- Guepar develops a new hinged prosthesis based on design by Walldius that
increases motion and decreases bone loss

• 1973-“Total condylar prosthesis” is introduced which is first to resurface all three

compartments (PCL sacrificing)
WHY HAVE WE CHOSEN THIS PROJECT?

• Total knee replacement has been a massive success till now.

• We have focused on high flexion knee optimization keeping in mind the
Asian culture and lifestyle. Common activities requiring high flexion are
kneeling, squatting and sitting cross-legged.
• Attaining high flexion, i.e., up to 150° for an amputee has been a drawback in
conventional knee designs.
ANATOMY OF
HUMAN KNEE
It consist of four
components:
1. Femur
2. Tibial
3. Meniscus
4. Patella
COMPONENTS OF
KNEE IMPLANT
1. Femoral
component
2. Patellar
component
3. Tibial
component
MATERIALS USED

1. Cobalt-chromium - ideal properties for a surrogate knee joint (bio compatible,

inert, hard, tough)
2. Titanium and its alloys- Because titanium is so inert (it doesn’t react with the
human body) and robust, it’s been the preferred material of implants for years
3. Polyethylene- reduces even the minimal wear thereby enabling the implant to last
long.
4. Tantalum- Tantalum has excellent biological-friendly properties
NORMAL KNEE – RANGE OF MOTION

Normal range of motion of knee is

• Flexion – 120-150 degrees
• Internal rotation with knee flexed – 10 degrees
• External rotation with knee flexed – 30-40 degrees
TYPE OF
PROSTHETIC KNEE
DESIGN

• Posterior-Stabilized Designs
• Cruciate-Retaining Designs
• Bicruciate-Retaining Designs
 DESIGN OF POSTERIOR
STABILIZED TYPE

Fig. The base design of knee, Tibial component

Fig. Plastic Insert
PROPOSAL

• To improve the flexion angle of the amputee.

• To minimize the stress concentration on the tibial
component by maximizing the contact area.
• To minimize the weight of the implant by reducing the
material used as well as maintaining the same strength.