Topic

Communication of face to face

 Face to face communication is
communication in which the communicator
transmits message in person verbally or
normally to the receiver who is present in
person before him oral communication is face
to face communication ; but all oral
communications are not face to face
communications
Most valuable element of face
to face learning
Delegates rated to speakers
who inspire new ideas,
challenge the norm and initiate
change in every day thinking as
the most valuable element of
face to face learning.
Contribution of face to face
communication
face to face communication was
considered by delegates and meeting
organisers to contributes most to
effectiveness of negotiation for contracts or
business deals, followed by learning new skills
and training on key aspects of their job.
Meeting organisers also thought it was
effective for interviewing to find the ideal
candidate.
 Interviews, meetings , classroom
interaction , debate , discussions
etc, are examples for face to face
communications
communication may be
divided into two broad categories
or styles – formal and informal
Formal communication

- Formal communication can both be written

and oral.
- Daily works are handled through oral
communication , while the policy matters
require written communication.
-This is communication that takes place
through the formal channels of the
organizational structure along the lines of
authority established by management.
- Formal communication is used in
professional settings , and it
involves the use of formal
language.
- such communication is generally
in writing and may take the form of
policy manuals , procedure and
rule books , memos , official
meeting reports , etc.
Formal communication s are two types
1.vertical communication
2. Lateral\Horizontal
communication
1. Vertical communication

- Vertical flow of communication is

crucial of the organization .
-It allows for the giving of instructions
and receiving of feedback.
-There are two forms of vertical
communication which are upward
and downward communication.
Downward communication

- These are messages sent from managers to subordinates.

- It can be in form of memos , notice , instructions , appraisal , etc.
-The purpose of downward communication are;
* To describe the company’s goals , philosophies and mission
*To describe company’s policies and procedures
*To describe the employees relationships with the company
*To instruct people on how to do a job
*To give feedback on how successful previous jobs have been
Upward communication
- These are messages from subordinates going up the hierarchy to
managers
- It can be in form of proposals , oral and written reports ,
suggestions
- The purpose of upward communication are ;
* To receive feedback on how well messages have been
received
*To receive feedback on the progress of tasks
* To receive suggestions from staff
*To receive proposals from staff
Lateral\Horizontal communication

-Lateral communication implies communication between equals

such as departmental heads , or between similar departments
-Much of horizontal communication takes place through face to
face discussions . Reports and memos are also used .
- In some organizations it is difficult communicate horizontally
without sending messages upward to let people know what is
going on
- Lateral communication enable people in different departments
to appreciate the activities of other departments and reduce
rivalry between departments.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

- This is communication arising from channels

outside formal channels and does not
follow lines of authority
- -informal communication is build around
social relationship of members in an
organization.
- Its difficult to fix responsibility about
accuracy of information within informal
communication channels
- Informal communication is used in
unprofessional setups and involves the
use of informal language such as slang
- Informal communication result in the
formation of grapevines which carry
gossip and rumours around the
organization
- The grapevine fills an information void
Purpose of informal
communication
To satisfy personal needs
To prevent boredom
To provide information about the
organization which is not provided by going
on an organization
It serves as a barometer regarding the
organization . It gives vital feedback to
management regarding the organization
There are certain attributes of
grapevine that makes it useful and
important;
- it is fast
- most of the time it is accurate
- it carries a great deal of
information
- At its worst grapevine spread rumours
within an organization of things that may
not be true , thus motivating some staff
members

- The spread of false rumour can result

in conflict in the organization
Thank you