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Modbus

training

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Modbus
Part 1 : Reference documents - WEB sites

Part 2 : Definitions

Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Part 4 : Security of transmission

Part 5 : Physical layer

Part 6 : Main characteristics resume

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Part 1 : Reference documents - WEB sites

Schneider documents

Modbus User guide


Reference : TSX DG MOD *

Detailed description of the Modbus protocol.

X-WAY communication user guide


Reference : TSX DR NET *

This guide gives common characteristics to X-WAY Schneider networks.

Communication application specific functions PL7 Micro/Junior/Pro


Reference : TLX DS COM PL7 42 *

Volume 1 : Common communication application


Volume 2 : Modbus bus

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Part 1 : Reference documents - WEB sites

WEB sites

Modbus.org :
http://www.modbus.org
Modicon site for Modbus users.

Transparent Factory :
http://www.transparentfactory.com
Schneider Electric site for Transparent Factory users.

Modbus Plus :
http://www.modicon.com/techpubs/toc6.html
Modbus Plus Planning and installation.

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Part 2 : Définitions

Modbus protocol

MODBUS Protocol is a messaging structure created by MODICON


company to connect PLC to programming tools.

It is now widely used to establish master-slave communication between


intelligent devices.

MODBUS is independent of the physical layer.

It can be implemented using RS232, RS422, or RS485 or over a variety


of media (e.g. fiber, radio, cellular, etc...).

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Part 2 : Définitions

Modbus Plus

MODBUS PLUS is a higher speed network 1 Mbit/s token passing derivative


that uses the MODBUS messaging structure.

7 Application Modbus

6 Presentation
5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Link 802.4 Token passing


1 Physical RS485

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Part 2 : Définitions

Modbus TCP/IP

MODBUS TCP/IP uses TCP/IP and Ethernet 10 Mbit/s or 100


Mbits/s to carry the MODBUS messaging structure.

7 Application Modbus

6 Préeentation
5 Session

4 Transport TCP

3 Network IP

2 Link CSMA / CD
ETHERNET V2 ou 802.3
1 Physical

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Part 2 : Définitions

Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU

The MODBUS protocol comes in 2 versions :

 ASCII transmission mode


Each eight-bit byte in a message is sent as 2 ASCII characters.

 RTU transmission mode


Each eight-bit byte in a message is sent as two four-bit hexadecimal
characters.

The main advantage of the RTU mode is that it achieves higher throughput.

ASCII mode allows time intervals of up to 1 second to occur between


characters without causing an error.

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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Modbus frame structure

The Modbus frame structure is the same for requests (master to slave
messages) and responses (slave to master messages).

Modbus RTU

silence Address Function Data Checksum silence

Silence >= 3,5 characters

Modbus ASCII

: Address Function Data Checksum CR LF

3A Hex 0D Hex 0A Hex


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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Address field

Address Function Data Checksum

Valid slave device addresses are in the range of 0 ... 247 decimal.
The individual slave devices are assigned addresses in the range of 1 ... 247.
Value 0 is reserved for broadcast messages (no response).
Request :
A master addresses a slave by placing the slave address in the address field of
the message.

Response :
When the slave sends its response, it places its own address in this address field
of the response to let the master know which slave is responding.

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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Function field

Address Function Data Checksum

Valid codes are in the range of 1 ... 255 decimal.

Request :
The function code field tells the slave what kind of action to perform.

Response :
For a normal response, the slave simply echoes the original function code.

For an exception response, the slave returns a code that is equivalent to


the original function code with its most significant bit set to a logic 1.
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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Data field

Address Function Data Checksum

Valid codes are in the range of 0 ... 255 decimal.

Request :
The data field contains additional information which the slave must use to take
the action defined by the function code. This can include items like register
addresses, quantity of items to be handled, etc...

Response :
If no error occurs, the data field contains the data requested.

If an error occurs, the field contains an exception code that the master
application can use to determine the next action to be taken.
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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Checksum field

Address Function Data Checksum

Valid codes are in the range of 0 ... 255 decimal.

Modbus RTU uses CRC : Cyclycal Reduncy Check (2 byte)


Modbus ASCII uses LRC : Longitudinal Redundancy Check (1 bytes)

Request :
The checksum is calculated by the master and sends to the slave.

Response :
The checksum is re-calculated by the slave and compared to the value sent
by the master.
If a difference is detected, the slave will not construct a response to the master.
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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Frame exemple in RTU mode

 Function code = 3 : Read n words

Request :

1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes


Slave Function First word Number of
CRC16
Address code = 3 address words to read

Response :

1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes


Slave Function Number of Value of the Value of the
CRC16
Address code = 3 bytes read first word last word

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Part 3 : Modbus frame description

Function code exemples

Code Type

01 Read n consecutive output bits


02 Read n consecutive input bits
03 Read n consecutive output words
04 Read n consecutive input words
05 Write 1 output bit
06 Write 1 output word
07 Read exception status
08 Access diagnostic counters
11 Read event counter
12 Read connection events
15 Write n output bits
16 Write n output words
17 Read identification

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Part 4 : Security of transmission

Error checking methods

 Parity checking
Even or odd can be optionally applied to each character.

 Frame checking
LRC or CRC is applied to the entire message.

 Continuous stream
The entire message frame must be transmitted as a continuous stream.
If a silent interval (more than 1.5 character times RTU mode or 1 second ASCII mode) occurs
before completion of the frame, the receiving device flushes the incomplete message and
assumes that the next byte will be the address field of a new message.

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Part 4 : Security of transmission

Error checking methods

The master is configured by the user to wait for a predetermined timeout


interval before aborting the transaction.

This interval is set to be long enough for any slave to respond normally.

If the slave detects a transmission error, the message will not be acted upon.
The slave will not construct a response to the master.
Thus the timeout will expire and allow the master's program to handle the error.

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Part 5 : Physical layer

RS485 physical layer

RS485 is the most physical layer used on Modbus.

32 devices included the master can be connected on the bus.

This is a bus topology with line terminations.

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Part 6 : Main characteristics resume

Main characteristics resume

Topology: Bus with line terminations

Maximum distance: With RS485 : 1300 m without repeater

Data rate: 19200 bits/s maximum

Max. no. of devices: With RS485 : 32 master included

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Part 6 : Main characteristics resume

Main characteristics resume

Method of accessing the medium: Master slave

Transmission method: Messaging

Max. useful data size: 120 words

Transmission security: LRC or CRC


Start and stop delimiters
Parity bit
Continuous stream

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