DESIGN OF WOOD

CONNECTIONS WITH DOWEL

TYPE FASTENERS
AUTHOR:
Luis Chávez Rubio
SUPERVISION
Professor PhD. Florindo Gaspar
Co-Supervision
Professor MsC. Santiago Medina
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
• About 80% of failures observed in timber
structures are due to connections.
STRUCTURE
• The first chapter addresses the importance that
should be taken in the design.
• The second chapter describes the types of
connections that companies offer through their
catalogues
• The third chapter includes the parameters that
are taken into account for the dimensioning
• In the fourth chapter, a description of the
operation of the calculation spreadsheet
• In the fifth chapter an analysis is made dividing
into four types of connections
OBJECTIVES
• Define several types of connections by • Propose graphs that indicate the calculated
altering the different variables values
• Calculate for each type of connection the • Determine the percentages of increase or
resistance capacity decrease in strength capacity
• Perform the dimensioning and calculation
of a mortise and tenon connection using
wooden dowels
EXCEL SPREADSHEET
Spreadsheet for Metal Dowel-Type Fasteners Spreadsheet for Wooden Dowels

Mortise and
Geometry Main Timber Load
Connection Member Characteristics
Wooden Dowels Tenon
Connection

Joint Type of Final Detailing

Data
Characteristics Fastener General Data of The
Connection

Results
Spreadsheet for Metal Dowel-Type Fasteners
Spreadsheet for Wooden Dowels
MATERIALS AND DESIGN
THE MAIN TIMBER CHARACTERISTICS WOOD STRENGTH CLASS

Maximum
F t,o,k F v,k Density
Strength Class Tensile
(MPa) (MPa) (gr/cm3)
Strength (KN)
C18 11.0 3.4 320 55
C20 12.0 3.6 330 60
C24 14.0 4.0 350 70
C35 21.0 4.0 400 105

ANGLE OF MAXIMUM LOAD

 Materials and Design
STEEL STRENGTH CLASS SERVICE CLASS
Steel Plates SERVICE For All Woods For Most Softwoods
t<= 40 t> 40
Name CLASS Relative Humidity of Environment Moisture Content of Wood
fy (Mpa) fu (Mpa) fy (Mpa) fu (Mpa)
1 > 65% (at 20°C) < 12%
S235 235 360 215 360
S275 275 430 255 410 2 > 85% (at 20°C) < 20%

S355 355 510 335 470 3 more sever situations > 20%
S450 440 550 410 550

LOAD DURATION
NUMBER OF LINES AND FASTENERS Order of accumulated duration of
Load Duration Classes
characteristic load
Permanent more than 10 years
The number of lines is maximum number that can be placed Long-term 6 months - 10 years
Medium-term 1 week - 6 months
Short-term less than one week
Instantaneous
Materials and Design
Type of Connection
Timber – Timber Connection Timber – Steel Connection Mortise and Tenon Connection
Materials and Design
DOWEL TYPE FASTENERS

Nails
Screws
Bolts
Dowels
Wooden Dowels
TIMBER – TIMBER CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF SPLICE PIECE THICKNESS
TIMBER – TIMBER CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF FASTENER TYPE
TIMBER – STEEL CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF STEEL PLATE THICKNESS
TIMBER – STEEL CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF FASTENER TYPE
TIMBER – STEEL CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF ANGLE FORCE
TIMBER – CENTRAL STEEL CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF FASTENER TYPE
MORTISE AND TENON CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF FASTENER TYPE
MORTISE AND TENON CONNECTION
INFLUENCE OF WOODEN DOWEL TYPE
 TIMBER - TIMBER NAILED CONNECTION

TABLE OF
DIAMETER < 4 mm 4 mm ≤ D < 5 mm > 5 mm
Splice Strength Service
Angle MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN
Thickness Class Class
SC1 / SC2 -1.8% -2.8% -2.2% -3.0% - -
C18
SC3 -18.1% -19.0% -18.5% -19.2% - -

PERCENTAGES
SC1 / SC2 0.0% 0.0% -
C20
SC3 -16.7% -16.7% -
30 mm
SC1 / SC2 6.7% 3.5% 5.4% 4.9% - -
C24
SC3 -11.1% -13.8% -12.2% -12.6% - -
SC1 / SC2 19.5% 12.0% 18.5% 16.3% - -
C35
SC3 -0.4% -6.7% -1.2% -3.1% - -
SC1 / SC2 -11.1% -26.8% 12.0% 3.9% 73.9% 21.8%
C18
SC3 -25.9% -39.0% -6.6% -13.4% 45.0% 1.5% To explain the application of the table of percentages, it is
SC1 / SC2 -9.0% -25.0% 14.1% 5.9% 77.5% 25.3%

0° 50 mm
C20
SC3 -24.2% -37.5% 10.1% -11.8% 47.9% 4.3% presented by an example. The strength value of a nail 2.7 x 60
SC1 / SC2 -4.1% -21.7% 18.4% 9.1% 84.6% 32.2%
C24
SC3 -20.0% -34.8% -1.3% -9.1% 53.7% 10.2% R-S (12 lines) with 36 fasteners is 8700 N
SC1 / SC2 6.0% -12.8% 28.7% 17.7% 100.7% 49.1%
C35
SC3 -11.7% -27.3% 7.2% -1.9% 67.4% 24.3%

C18
SC1 / SC2 - - 61.9% 2.8% 90.5% 18.9% Therefore, the strength with 32 fasteners in a splice piece of 50
SC3 - - 35.0% -14.3% 58.7% -0.9%

C20
SC1 / SC2 - - 66.3% 5.5% 95.0% 21.0% mm, strength class of C20 and service class 1 has a strength
SC3 - - 38.5% -12.1% 62.4% 0.8%
70 mm
C24
SC1 / SC2 - - 74.4% 10.7% 105.3% 25.1% percentage between -9.0% (MAX) and -25.0 % (MIN).
SC3 - - 45.3% -7.8% 71.2% 4.2%
SC1 / SC2 - - 96.2% 24.5% 128.9% 34.8%
C35
SC3 - - 63.4% 3.7% 90.7% 12.3%
SC1 / SC2 -12.1% -51.1% 8.0% -49.6% 12.4% -57.9%
C18
30 mm SC3 -26.8% -59.2% -10.0% -58.0% -6.3% -64.9%

SC1 / SC2 -10.4% -50.1% 10.8% -48.4% 14.4% -57.1%

C20
45° 50 mm SC3 -25.4% -58.4% -7.7% -57.0% -4.7% -64.2%
SC1 / SC2 -4.4% -48.0% 16.3% -45.9% 18.3% -55.3%
C24
SC3 -20.3% -56.6% -3.1% -54.9% -1.5% -62.8%

70 mm SC1 / SC2 7.1% -42.5% 30.8% -40.0% 27.4% -51.4%

C35
SC3 -10.8% -52.1% 9.0% -50.0% 6.1% -59.5%
SC1 / SC2 -28.4% -71.5% 8.0% -68.2% -25.0% -76.7%
30 mm C18
SC3 -40.3% -76.2% -10.0% -73.5% -37.6% -80.6%
SC1 / SC2 -26.5% -70.7% 10.8% -67.5% -23.7% -76.2%
C20
SC3 -38.8% -75.6% -7.7% -72.9% -36.5% -80.2%
90° 50 mm
SC1 / SC2 -21.6% -69.5% 16.3% -65.9% -21.2% -75.2%
C24
SC3 -34.6% -74.6% -3.1% -71.6% -34.3% -79.4%
SC1 / SC2 -12.1% -66.0% 16.3% -62.2% -21.2% -73.1%
70 mm C35
SC3 -26.8% -71.7% 9.0% -68.5% -29.2% -77.6%
 CONCLUSIONS
TIMBER - TIMBER CONNECTION GROUP TIMBER - STEEL CONNECTION GROUP

• It has the peculiarity that the thickness of the There is a common failure in steel plates and it
splice piece and the penetration length of the is the block shear
fastener influences the strength capacity of the
connection.

TIMBER – CENTRAL STEEL CONNECTION GROUP MORTISE AND TENON CONNECTION GROUP

• The influence of the thickness of the steel plate no • Its strength values depend a lot on the type of
generates any difference in the strength capacity. timber of the wooden dowels
THANK YOU

OBRIGADO