FIRST AID LAB

By: Cadet Barone

Today’s Topics

■ Evaluating a Casualty
■ Opening/Clearing an Airway
■ Nasopharyngeal Airway
■ Sucking Chest Wounds
■ Bleeding
■ Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT)
■ Burns
■ Shock
■ Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) Card
Isolation Precautions

■ Blood and body fluids carry disease

■ Wear gloves
Evaluating a Casualty

■ Use your ABCs

■ LOOK LISTEN AND FEEL
■ Head to Toe Assessment
Care Under Fire

■ Return fire as directed or required before providing medical treatment

■ Determine if casualty is dead or alive
■ Direct casualty to return fire and perform self-aid if able
■ Direct casualty to play dead if casualty cannot be moved or is unable to return fire
■ DO NOT PERFORM FIRST AID IF YOUR LIFE IS IN DANGER
■ DO NOT PERFORM FIRST AID IF CASUALTY IS DEAD
ABCs of First Aid

■ A- Airway (open airway by patient position or with airway adjuncts)

■ B- Breathing (identify and seal open chest wounds)
■ C- Circulation (identify uncontrolled bleeding and control with pressure or tourniquet.
Start IV therapy if needed)
■ D- Disability (determine level of consciousness)
■ E- Exposure (fully expose patient environment dependent)
 AIRWAY
(open airway by patient position or with airway adjuncts)
 Opening/Clearing an Airway

■ Head Tilt Chin Lift or Jaw Thrust Maneuver

■ Clear mouth of any vomit or FBAO
■ LOOK LISTEN FEEL
Nasopharyngeal Airway
(NPA)
■ Do not use if clear fluid is coming from their ears or
nose
■ Use if unconscious, respiratory rate is less than 2 in
15 seconds and/or if the casualty is making
snoring/gurgling sounds
■ Bevel towards septum
BREATHING
(identify and seal open chest wounds)
Sucking Chest Wounds

■ Cover enter/exit wound with occlusive dressing or some sort of plastic

■ Tape all 4 sides
■ Ensure dressing or plastic extends 2 inches past edge of wound
■ Air into lungs can cause the lungs to collapse
■ Place casualty on injured side down in recovery position
 CIRCULATION
(identify uncontrolled bleeding and control with pressure or tourniquet.
Start IV therapy if needed)
Emergency Bandage/Pressure Dressing
■ Pack wound with gauze
■ Hold pressure for 3 minutes
■ Wrap bandage around extremity tightly
■ If bleeding continues apply a tourniquet
Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT)
■ Severe Bleeding and amputations
■ 2-3 inches above wound
■ Band around the limb should be tight three fingers should not fight under it
■ Twist windlass until bleeding stops usually 3 turns
■ Distal pulse should not be present
■ Write “T” and time of application on casualty
■ 60 seconds or less
Hemostatic Dressing

■ When you can’t use a tourniquet

■ Gauze with coagulation substance
■ Remove pooled blood
■ Pack with gauze
■ Apply pressure for 3 minutes
■ Apply dressing to hold everything in place
 Shock
 Shock is a when there is not ■ Symptoms
enough blood flow to deliver oxygen – Sweaty but cool skin
and nutrients to tissues (Body low – Pale skin
on oxygen and No oxygen=death) – Thirst (Nothing by Mouth)
usually caused by uncontrolled – Severe bleeding
bleeding. – Blotchy blue skin
– Nausea and/or vomiting
– Rapid breathing
– Confusion
– Restlessness/nervousness
DISABILITY
(determine level of consciousness)
Determining Consciousness

■ A= Alert
■ V= Responds to Voice
■ P= Responds to Pain
■ U= Unresponsive
■ SHAKE and SHOUT
 EXPOSURE
(fully expose patient environment dependent)
Burns

■ Thermal Burns
– Stop Drop and Roll/Cover with non-synthetic
material
■ Electrical Burns
– Do not touch casualty (use nonconductive material)
■ Chemical Burns
– Brush off dry chemical
– Flush liquid chemical
– Smother burning white phosphorus
■ Laser Burns
– Remove casualty from beam and avoid eye contact
with laser
Burns Treatment

■ Cut clothing around burn

■ Do not break blisters or apply ointment
■ Apply dry sterile dressing (wet for white phosphorus)
■ Apply bandage lightly to secure dressing
■ Monitor casualty
Tactical Combat Casualty Care Card

■ Battle Roster #- First letter of casualty’s name, then the first letter of their last name followed by the last 4 of their social
security number
■ For burns you circle the percentage of the body that is burned
■ If multiple injuries are present draw a line from the the mechanism of injury to the injury on the diagram
■ MVC- Motor Vehicle Collison
■ IED- Improvised Explosive Device
■ RPG- Rocket Propelled Grenade
■ GSW- Gunshot wound
■ CIRC- Cricothyroidotomy
■ ET- Tube- Endotracheal tube
■ SGA- Supraglottic
■ EVAC Category- Urgent, Priority or Routine
 9LINE
MEDEVAC
Recall Schubert’s Lab
from 2 weeks ago…….
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

■ TC 4-02.1 (First Aid) August 2016

■ STP 21-1- SMCT (Soldiers Manual of Common Tasks, Warrior Skills Level 1)
September 2017