First Aid and Basic Life

Support in Construction
 FIRST AID
Is an immediate care given to a
person who have been injured or
suddenly taken ill. It includes self-
help and home care assistance if
medical assistance is not available or
delayed.
 Roles of First Aid

1. It is the bridge that fills the gap between

the victim and the physician.

2. It is not intended to compete with, nor take

place the services of the physician.

3. It ends when the services of a physician

begins.
 Objectives of First Aid

1. To alleviate suffering.

2. To prevent added injury/further injury or

danger.

3. To prolong life.
 Needs and Values of First Aid

1. To minimize if not totally prevent accident.

2. To prevent added injury or danger.

3. To train people to do the right thing at the

right time.
 Needs and Values of First Aid

4. Accident happens and sudden illness are

common and often serious.

5. People very often harm rather than help.

6. Proper and immediate care is necessary to

save life or limb.
 GUIDELINES FOR GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
1. Getting Started
1.1 Planning of Action
1.2 Gathering of needed materials
1.3 Initial responses as follows:
A - Ask for help
I - Intervene
D - Do not further harm
1.4 Instruct helpers
 GUIDELINES FOR GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE

2. Emergency Action Principles

2.1 Survey the scene
2.2 Do a primary survey of the victim
A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
2.3 Activate medical assistance/transfer
facility
2.4 Do a secondary survey of the victim
 HINDRANCES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE

1. Unfavorable surroundings

2. Presence of crowds
3. Pressure from victims or relatives
 EMERGENCY RESCUE AND
EMERGENCY TRANSFER

1. Emergency Rescue
- a procedure of moving a
victim from unsafe to safe
place.

2. Emergency Transfer
- a procedure of moving a
victim from safe to safer
place.
 Indication of Emergency Rescue

1. Danger of Electrocution
2. Serious traffic hazard
3. Danger of collapsing wall
4. Danger of fire or explosion
5. Danger of toxic gases
6. Risk of drowning
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

A. One (1) Man Carry

- assist to walk - fireman’s drag

- carry in arms - shoulder/body drag
- pack-strap carry - feet drag
- piggy-back carry - blanket drag
- fireman’s carry - inclined drag
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

B. Two (2) Man Carry

- assist to walk with assistance

- hand as a litter
- 4 hand seat
- fireman’s carry with assistance
- carry by extremities
- chair as a litter
 METHODS OF TRANSFER

C. 3-4 to 6-8 Man Carry

- bearer’s along side

- hammock carry
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
BURNS

1st Degree
•Immediately submerge the affected part in
cold water.
•Hold it on cold running water, or place cold,
wet cloths on it until the pain decreases.
•Cover with a clean, dry gauze dressing for
protection.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

BURNS

2nd Degree
•Immerse in cold water or have cold, wet cloths
applied to it immediately.
•Gently blot area dry. Do not rub. Rubbing
break the blister, opening it to infection.
•Cover wound with dry, sterile bandage.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

BURNS

3rd Degree
•Do not remove any clothing hear or at the site
of the burn.
•Do not apply cold water or medication to the
burn.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

BURNS

3rd Degree
•Place clean, dry cloths (I.e. strips of a clean
sheet) over the damaged area.
•If burns are on arms or legs, keep the limbs
elevated above the level of the heart.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

CUTS AND ABRASSIONS

•Cleanse area thoroughly with soap and warm

water, carefully washing away any dirt.
•Apply direct pressure to wound until bleeding
stops.
•Put sterile bandage on wound.
•If cut is deep, get to a doctor as quickly as
possible.
 BLEEDING
 Apply direct pressure to the
wound (at this time a direct
pressure bandage may be
used)
 Elevate (do not further harm)
 Pressure Point additional
pressure may be applied to a
pressure point to help reduce
bleeding.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
CARE FOR SHOCK

 Keep the victim laying

down (if possible).
 Elevate legs 10-12
inches… unless you
suspect a spinal injury or
broken bones.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

CARE FOR SHOCK

Cover the victim to maintain
body temperature.
Provide the victim with plenty
of fresh air.
If victim begins to vomit -
place them on a recovery
position.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

SPRAINS AND STRAINS

I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply

ice directly to skin.

C - Compress, use an elastic or

conforming wrap - not too tight.

E - Elevate, above heart level to

control internal bleeding
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES

I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets,

etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured
area.
A - Activate Medical Assistance (AMA)
C - Care for shock.
T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
POISONING
Assess the scene for clues and
safety.
Get victim away from poison if
necessary.
Provide care for any life threatening
conditions.
Notify medical staff or on-call Doctor.
Call the Poison Control Center
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

NOSEBLEEDS
•Sit down.
•Lean slightly forward to prevent blood from
running into your throat.
•Place cold, wet cloths on your nose to
constrict the blood vessels in your nose and
stop the bleeding.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

NOSEBLEEDS

•If blood is coming from only one nostril,

press firmly at the top of the nostril.
•If both nostrils are bleeding, pinch your
nostrils together for at least 10 minutes.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

HEATSTROKE

•Cool the body of a heatstroke victim

immediately.
•Wrap him cool wet clothes, or sponge his
skin with cool water, rubbing alcohol, ice or
cold packs.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

HEATSTROKE

•Once the victim’s temperature drops to

about 110F, you may lay him in the
recovery position in a cool room.
•If the victim is able to drink, you may
give him some water.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

EYE INJURY

•Put inverted cup to the eye and bondage it.

•Bring to the doctor immediately.
•Do not remove the obstruction.
 FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

FAINTING

•Lean forward.
•Lower head towards knees. As the head is
lowered below the heart, blood will flow to
the brain.
 When to call a Posted
First Aider
• Any time there is an injury or when someone
may need First Aid or CPR
• Any time someone is feeling ill or needs to
use the First Aid room
• If you notice any type of irregular
behavior in your coworker
 Help your First Aiders
• If a posted First Aider asks for your help -
listen, and do what is asked
• If you aren’t needed - stay out of the way
• Keep others away - keep area clear
• Help direct emergency personnel
• Respect the privacy of others
Emergency