IF: ANOVA

Analysis of variance
 Ronald Aylmer Fisher
(17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962)

He was an English statistician,

evolutionary biologist, mathematician,
geneticist, and eugenicist. The analysis
of variance (ANOVA) is one of Fisher’s
contributions to statistics.

Collection of statistical models

used in order to analyse the
differences between group
means and their associated
procedures (variation).
 Deciding on a test
PROBLEM: Three methods used to dissolve a powder in water are compared by the time
it takes until the powder is fully dissolved; results are summarised in the following table:

Samples Method 1 Method 2 Method 3

1 15 22 18
2 18 27 24
3 19 18 19
4 22 21 16
5 11 17 22
6 15

If Student T test were to be used (…) ?

ANOVA works by comparing TWO types of variances:
• the variance within each sample
• the variance between different samples.
EXCEL
(1) Data are to be fixed in columns.
(2) Go to DATA// Data Analysis//Anova: Single Factor
(3) Input configuration:
• Are data in columns or rows?
• Are there any labels within selected ranges?
Results
Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
P < alpha = DIFFERENCE
Group 1 5 83 16.6 4.3 P> alpha = NO DIFFERENCE
Group 2 5 94 18.8 3.7
Group 3 5 96 19.2 4.7

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 19.6 2 9.8 2.314961 0.141171 3.885294
Within Groups 50.8 12 4.233333

Total 70.4 14

Compare F vs F crit
If |F| > F crit = DIFFERENCE AMONG GROUPS
If |F|< F crit = NO DIFFERENCE AMONG GROUPS
 Classwork: Facebook
I selected randomly a group of Facebook friends and asked them the number of times they use
the following applications per week. The results are shown in the following table, use the ANOVA
to determine whether there’s statistical significance or not among groups. Write the correct
statistical conclusion.

Comments in Fun apps: for ex.

Inbox Messages Like other posts Farmville, Aquarium
2 20 35 14
3 21 42 20
5 26 30 13
6 15 28 12
7 18 29 16
5 21 40 7
6 19 30 10
8 17 29 4
9 14 28 10
4 18 14 11
6 22 21 9
3 19 28 14
 Classwork: Pizza
INGREDIENT
Mr. Pepe Roni is starting a new
restaurant, so he made a poll and
Pepperoni Salami Ham Anchovies Tuna asked: Consider the last 20 times
12 2 4 0 2
5 10 5 0 0
you ate pizza, which ingredients
0 0 0 10 10 did you choose? The table below
8 6 2 4 0 shows the results, use the ANOVA
7 8 3 2 0
9 7 1 1 2
to determine whether there is
8 6 2 2 2 statistical significance or not
7 8 5 0 0 among groups. Write the correct
6 5 5 2 2
8 6 2 3 1
statistical conclusion.
9 5 1 1 4
6 5 2 4 3
3 3 5 6 3
7 6 4 1 2
8 5 4 2 1
10 4 3 3 0
15 2 2 1 0
13 2 2 1 2
20 0 0 0 0
9 1 3 3 4
12 2 3 2 1