MOTOR  AND TRANSFORMER 

MOTOR  AND TRANSFORMER 
PROTECTION USING 
PROTECTION USING 
SIEMENS 
SIEMENS 
SIPROTEC RELAY
SIPROTEC RELAY
MOTOR FEEDER PROTECTION
USING SIPROTEC RELAY
 Under Voltage Protection(ANSI 27)
• Under voltage protection detects voltage dips in electrical machines and
avoids inadmissible operating states and possible loss of stability.
• Under voltage protection consists of two stages. A pickup is signaled as
soon as selectable voltage thresholds are undershot. A trip signal is
transmitted if a voltage pickup exists for a selectable time.

U < Pickup 68.5%

TU< Time Delay 0.7 sec
U<< Pickup 65%
TU<< Time Delay Inst
 IDMT Protection(ANSI 51)
• For larger machines IDMT is used as back-up protection for the machine
short-circuit protection.
• The r.m.s. values of the fundamental component are used for the pickup.
During the pickup of an Ip stage, the tripping time is calculated from the
flowing fault current by means of an integrating measuring procedure.
• It must be taken into account when selecting an inverse-time over current
characteristic that a factor of approximately 1.1 is already incorporated
between the pickup value and the setting value.

Ip Pickup 38A
T Ip Time Dial 2.00 sec
IEC Curve Normal Inverse
 IDMT Protection(ANSI 51V)

For normal inverse curve

K=0.140
E=0.020
 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection(ANSI 51GN)

• The highly sensitive earth fault protection detects earth faults in systems
with isolated or high-impedance earthed star point.
• The residual current is numerically filtered so that only the fundamental
wave of the current is used for the measurement. This makes the
measurement insensitive to short-circuit transients and harmonics.

IEE> Pickup 30 A
T IEE>Time delay 0.45sec
IEE>>Pickup 75 A
T IEE>> Time delay inst
 Thermal Over load protection(ANSI 49)
 The thermal overload protection prevents thermal overloading of the
stator winding.(Operational miss handling)
 The device calculates the over temperature in accordance with a single-
body thermal model. Thermal over load protection consists of two stages.
 Negative Sequence Protection
• Unbalanced loads produce a reverse field in motors which
drives the rotor at twice the frequency.
• Eddy currents are induced on the surface of the rotor, leading
to local temperature rises in the rotor.

Negative sequence setting

I2 > = 10% of rated current
Time delay = 15 sec
I2 >> = 50%
Time delay = 1 sec
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION 
USING SIPROTEC RELAY
 Differential Protection(ANSI 87)
• Differential protection is based on current comparison. It makes use of the
fact that a protected object carries always the same current at its two
sides in healthy operation.
• Differential current is derived from the phaser sum of the current on
either side of the protected object
• Restraining signal is derived from average magnitude of these two
currents.

if Id > K Ir Relay will pickup

Through fault:

Internal fault:
 Percentage Differential characteristics

Id

% = Y *100%
X

t (% )
n
Perce
Slope Y
X
Minimum
Pickup
(per unit) Ir
 Tripping Characteristics of Differential
Protection
Branch “a”
Branch a represent the sensitivity
threshold of the differential protection
and consider constant error current .

For example:

magnetizing current

Pickup Value of Differential Curr. 0.2 I/In

T I-DIFF> Time Delay 00 sec

 Tripping Characteristics of Differential
Protection

Branch “b”:
Branch b takes into consideration current-
proportional errors which may result from
transformation errors of the main CTs or
from erroneous current caused by the
position of the tap changer of the voltage
regulator.

Branch “c”:
In the range of high currents which may give rise to current transformer saturation ,
branch c causes stronger stabilization.

Branch “d”:
Differential currents above the branch d cause immediate trip regardless of the restraining
quantity and harmonic content
 Tripping Characteristics of Differential
Protection

Slope 2

Slope 1

Slope 1 of Tripping Characteristic 0.25

Base Point for Slope 1 of Charac. 0.00 I/In
Slope 2 of Tripping Characteristic 0.5
Base Point for Slope 2 of Charac. 2.5 I/In
 Add-on stabilization during external fault.
 Through fault cause transformer to saturate and relay detect high initial
restraining current which move the operating point in to ad-on saturation.
 Differential protection is blocked for an adjustable time and this blocking is
cancelled as soon as the operation point moves steadily near fault
characteristics.

Pick up add-on 4.00 I/In

stabilization
Duration of 15 cycle
stabilization
 Harmonic Restraint
1.) Magnetizing inrush current blocking:

The inrush current has a high proportion of harmonics having twice the
system frequency, offer possible stability against tripping.

If
I(2*fn)/I(fn) > adjustable constant

the tripping is blocked

2nd Harmonic content in I-diff 15%

Time for cross blocking 2nd 0 cycle
harmonic
 Harmonic Restraint
2.) Over fluxing restraint:
• If device is loaded with a voltage in excess of the nominal voltage,
saturation effect occur.
• The current under saturation condition has a high proportion of harmonic
having five time the system frequency.
If
I(5*fn)/I(fn) > adjustable constant
the tripping is blocked

5th Harmonic content 30%

Time for cross blocking 0 cycle
 Increase of pickup value on startup
• An increase of the pickup value on startup provides additional security
against over functioning when a non-energized protected object is
switched in.
• Differential currents can emerge if transformers are energized from
different operation points of their hysteresis as current transformers may
contain different remnant magnetization before energization.
• As soon as the restraining current of one phase has dropped below a
settable value the pickup value increase is activated.

I-RESTRAINT for Start 0.1 I/In

Detection
Factor for Increasing of Char. 1.0
at Start
Maximum Permissible 5 sec
Starting Time