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EPIDEMIOLOGI PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR

PENYAKIT BULIMIA NERVOSA

RESTU ANINDITYA THAYEB (J1A116348)

 Bulimia nervosa didefinisikan sebagai kebiasaan ma
kan di mana penderitanya mengkonsumsi sejumlah
DEFINISI BULIMIA makanan dalam jumlah sangat besar, kemudian me
ngeluarkan kembali makanan yang telah dikonsum

NERVOSA
si dengan cara memuntahkan kembali atau dengan
cara lainnya untuk mengurangi jumlah kalori maka
nan yang telah masuk ke dalam tubuhnya.
Gejala Bulimia Nervosa
1) Terbiasa memakan banyak makanan kemudian
memuntahkannya secara terus menerus
2) Selalu memuntahkan makanan yang masuk de
ngan cara memasukkan jari ke tenggorokan, m
eminum obat laksatif, diuretic, ataupun pil diet
3) Selalu merasa bersalah yang teramat sangat set
elah makan banyak, kemudian akan menebusn
ya dengan olahraga berat atau berpuasa dalam
jangka waktu lama
4) Haid tidak teratur
Tanda-tanda Bulimia Nervosa
1) Sangat takut gemuk dan berat badannya naik
-turun secara ekstrim
2) Terjadi bengkak pada pipi karena peradangan
kelenjar parotis
3) Adanya jaringan parut pada jari tangan akibat
dari gesekan kronis pada saat merangsang terja
dinya muntah
4) Email gigi menipis akibat dari asam lambung y
ang terbawa ketika muntah
5) Peradangan rongga mulut/ kerongkongan
6) Penggunaan obat pencahar secara berlebihan s
ehingga menyebabkan kadar kalium dalam da
rah menurun yang mengakibatkan gangguan ir
ama jantung
 DIAGNOSIS BULIMIA NERVOSA

1. Terdapat preokupasi yang menetap untuk makan, dan ketagihan (craving) terhadap
makanan yang tidak bisa dilawan;
2. Pasien berusaha melawan efek kegemukan dengan salah satu atau lebih cara seperti
berikut :
a. Merangsang muntah oleh diri sendiri,
b. Menggunakan pencahar berlebihan,
c. Puasa berkala,
d. Memakai obat obatan seperti penekan nafsu makan ,sediaan tiroid atau diuretika.
Jika terjadi pada penderita diabetes, mereka akan mengabaikan pengobatan insul
innya.
3. Gejala psikopatologinya terdiri dari ketakutan yang luar biasa akan kegemukkan dan
penderita mengatur sendiri batasan yang ketat dari ambang berat badannya, sangat
dibawah berat badan sebelum sakit dianggap berat badan yang sehat atau optimal.
KAJIAN EPIDEMIOLOGI
PENYAKIT BULIMIA NERVOSA
 Diketahui jumlah pasien dengan gangguan makan te
lah meningkat secara global sejak 50 tahun yang lalu.
Di Amerika Serikat, dilaporkan satu hingga dua ju
ta wanita memenuhi kriteria diagnostik untuk Bulimia
Nervosa (Academy for Eating Disorder, 2006). Peningka
tan ini berkaitan dengan kesadaran ekstrim tentang ber
at badan dan tampilan fisik, kebanyakan dikalangan g
enerasi muda. Penelitian internasional tentang ganggua
n makan menunjukkan 4% dari remaja wanita di Ame
rika Serikat menderita Bulimia Nervosa, sebanyak 1.2%
anak sekolah di Cairo dan 3.2% anak sekolah di Iran me
nderita Bulimia Nervosa

FREKUENSI
Sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Tantiani dan Sy
afiq membuktikan bahwa 37,3% remaja di Jakarta men
galami EDs dengan spesifikasi 27% remaja menderita bu
limia nervosa. Selain itu penelitian yang dilakukan oleh
Syafarina dan Probosari pada kelompok model remaja
puteri di Semarang menemukan 67,8% memiliki kecend
erungan EDs dengan spesifikasi kecenderungan 23,7% pa
da bulimia nervosa. Prevalensi Eating Disorders pada sis
wa SMA di kota Gorontalo adalah sebanyak 9,1% denga
n spesifikasi kecenderungan 2,0% pada Bulimia Nervosa
 DETERMINAN

Faktor psikososial Faktor genetik Faktor biologik Faktor budaya Perasaan pribadi

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