Introduction to Engineering

International University of Science &

Technology

Faculty of Engineering Technology

Introduction To Engineering,
2015 IUST 1
Chapter 2
Definition of Engineering

International University for

Science & Technology
Dr. Farzat Askifi
Introduction To Engineering, 2015.
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Definition of Engineering
(week 1)
 Describe the different engineering majors and
some of the different areas of specialization
within these disciplines
(week 2)
 What is Engineering?

 Define Engineering Support Personnel.

 Describe the different engineering job

functions that engineers perform.

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Engineering Majors

 Electrical Engineering
 Computer Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Biomedical Engineering
 Civil Engineering

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Engineering Majors

 Chemical Engineering
 Industrial Engineering
 Architectural Engineering
 Aerospace Engineering
 Materials Engineering
 Other Branches of Engineering

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1.Electrical Engineering
 Electrical engineering embodies the study of
electrical devices, electrical systems, and electrical
energy
 Electrical engineering includes computers,
communications, circuits and solid state devices,
control, instrumentation, signal processing,
bioengineering, and power.

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1.Electrical Eng. Major Specialties
 Electric Power Engineering (Includes
the design, development, and
maintenance of generation,
transmission, and distribution systems)
 Communications (Transmission of
information using wires, coaxial cable,
fiber optics, or radio)

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1.Electrical Eng. Major Specialties
 Control Systems Engineering
(Automated processes)
 Digital Systems Engineering (Digital
signal processing, instrumentation,
computers, etc)
 Electronics (Production, detection, and
control of electrical signals)

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2.Computer Engineering
 Computer Engineering (also sometimes
called Computer Systems Engineering) is a
specialized discipline that combines
electrical engineering and computer science.

 A computer engineer is an electrical

engineer with a focus on digital logic
systems, and less emphasis on radio
frequency or power electronics

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2.Computer Engineering

 From a computer science perspective, a

computer engineer is a software architect
with a focus on the interaction between
software programs and the underlying
hardware components.

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 2.Computer Eng. Major Specialties
 Computer Architecture
 Semiconductors
 Digital Control Theory
 Digital Signal Processing
 Software Engineering
 Others.

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3.Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanical engineers are
concerned with mechanical design,
energy conversion, fuel and
combustion technologies, heat
transfer, materials, noise control and
acoustics, manufacturing processes,
rail transportation, automatic control,
product safety, solar energy, and
technological impacts on society.
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3.Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanical engineers work on engine
design, submarines, hot air balloons,
textiles and new materials, medical and
hospital equipment, refrigerators and
other home appliances.

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3.Mechanical Eng. Major Specialties
 Solid Mechanics (Behavior of solid bodies
subjected to stresses and external loads)
 Fluid Mechanics (Behavior of liquid and gases)
 Thermodynamics (Conversion of one form
of energy to another)
 Mechanical Design (Process that
translates an idea into a working
product or service)

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4.Architectural engineers
 Architectural engineers apply the skills of
many engineering disciplines to the design,
construction, maintenance and recycling of
buildings.
 Architectural engineers is a multi-disciplinary
field, including within its fold mathematics,
science, art, technology, history, philosophy,
and so on.

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4.Architectural Eng. Major Specialties:
 Structural Engineering
 HVAC- Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
engineering
 Building Power System
 Lighting
 Plumbing
 Fire Protection Engineer
 Building Transportation Systems
 Acoustics
 Construction engineering
 Project management

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5.Civil Engineering
 Civil engineering emphasizes structural,
environmental, transportation, water
resources, surveying, geotechnical,
planning, and construction.

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6.Biomedical Engineering
 Biomedical engineering is a discipline concerned
with the development of medical devices,
diagnostic devices, drugs and other therapies.
 It is more concerned with biological, safety
and regulatory issues than other forms of
engineering. It may be defined as "The
application of engineering principles and
techniques to the medical field".

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7.Industrial or Manufacturing
Engineering
 Industrial engineering is described as the
design, improvement and installation of
integrated systems of people, material and
energy.
 It is concerned with how to design, organize,
implement, and operate the basic factors of
production in the most efficient manner
possible.

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8.Chemical Engineering
 Chemical engineering differs from most of the
other fields of engineering in its emphasis on
chemistry and the chemical nature of
products and processes
 Chemical engineers design and develop
processes to mass-produce detergents,
paints, plastics, fertilizers, petroleum
products, food products, pharmaceuticals,
electronic circuit boards and many others.
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9.Aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering is the branch of
engineering concerning aircraft, spacecraft and
related topics.
Some of the elements of aerospace engineering
are:
 Aerodynamics - the study of fluids flow around
objects such as wings
 Propulsion - the energy to move a vehicle
through the air

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9.Aerospace engineering

 Control or flight dynamics - the study of

maneuvering vehicles to achieve the
desired position and attitude
 Structures - the design of the physical
configuration of the craft to withstand the
forces encountered during flight.
 Materials - The study of the materials of
which the aerospace structures are to be
built.
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Definition of Engineering
(week 2)
 What is Engineering?

 Define Engineering Support Personnel.

 Describe the different engineering job

functions that engineers perform.

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What is Engineering?

 Engineering is the application of science to

the needs of humanity. This is accomplished
through knowledge, mathematics, and
practical experience applied to the design of
useful objects or processes.
 Professional practitioners of engineering are
called engineers.

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The Scientist and the Engineer
 Science attempts to explain newly observed
and unexplained phenomena, often creating
mathematical model of observed
phenomena.
 Technology and engineering are attempts at
practical application of knowledge (often
from science). Scientists work on science;
engineers work on technology.

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The Scientist and the Engineer
 However, there is often an overlap between
science and engineering. It is not
uncommon for scientists to become involved
in the practical application of their
discoveries; thereby becoming, for the
moment, engineers.
 Conversely, in the process of developing
technology engineers sometimes find
themselves exploring new phenomena, thus
becoming, for the moment, scientists.
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Engineers are Problem Solvers
 Engineers search for quicker, better, and less
expensive ways to use the forces and materials
of nature to meet today’s challenges

 The ability to arrive at an original and creative

solution and predict its performance and cost is
an attribute of the modern professional
engineer.

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Engineers are Problem Solvers

 The engineering method of problem solving

involves a clear statement of the problem and a
list of necessary assumptions, the creation of a
concept or device or system that appears to
meet the specified need, an analysis of the
situation based on established principles, a
careful checking of the results, and a set of
conclusions or recommendations based on the
facts.

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Purpose is to Benefit Mankind
 The contributions of the engineer have social
and aesthetic implications far beyond the
immediate technical results. An efficient and
cheap automobile engine that reduces the
energy problem may spoil the environment by
polluting the air.
 An engineer must be concerned with all
aspects and consequences of the work
performed.

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Utilization of Natural Resources
 Engineering involves the utilization of natural
resources. Some natural resources are
renewable; others may soon be exhausted.
The engineer must be concerned with
conservation, which means more than "not
using." True conservation requires continual
development of new resources as well as
efficient utilization of present ones.
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Engineering Support Personnel
Engineering Team:
 Engineer: The innovator, designer, decision
maker, and team leader.
 Engineering Technologist: who assist the
engineer in the planning, construction, and
operation of engineering facilities.

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Engineering Support Personnel
Engineering Team:
 Technicians: specialists in methodology
devoted to the accomplishment of practical
objectives such as drafting, collecting data,
field inspection.
 Craftsman: skilled workers who produce
the materials and products specified by the
design. Such specialists include electricians
carpenters, welders, and model builders.

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Engineering Functions
(Job Classifications)

1. Research 6. Operations and Maintenance

2. Development 7. Technical Support
3. Testing 8. Sales
4. Design 9. Consulting
5. Production 10. Management and others.

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1.Research Engineer

 Research engineers explore fundamental

principles of chemistry, physics, biology and
mathematics in order to overcome barriers
preventing advancement in their field. An
advanced degree is required and often a
Ph.D. is needed.

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2.Development Engineer

 Development engineers bridge the gap

between laboratory research and full-scale
production.
 Development engineers take the knowledge
acquired by the researchers and apply it to a
specific product or application

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3.Design Engineer

 The design engineer is responsible for

providing the detailed specifications of the
products society uses.
 Design engineers produce detailed
dimensions and specifications of the part to
ensure that the component fits properly with
adjoining pieces. They use modern computer
design tools

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4.Test Engineer

 Test engineers are responsible for designing

and implementing tests to verify the integrity,
reliability, and quality of products before they
are introduced to the public.
 The test engineer devises ways to simulate
the conditions a product will be subjected to
during its life

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5.Production Engineer

 Production engineers turn the specifications

of the design engineer into a tangible reality.
They develop the processes for taking raw
materials and changing them to finished
products

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6.Operation and Maintenance
Engineer
 The operation and maintenance engineer oversees
the ongoing performance of facilities or practical
work and maintain plant.

7.Technical support engineer

 A technical support engineer serves as the link
between the customer and product and assist with
the installation and setup. The technical support
engineer may also trouble-shoot problems with a
product

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8.Sales Engineer

 Sales engineers must have interpersonal

skills conductive to effective selling.

 Sales engineers recommend the machines,

tools, parts, or services to best serve the
customers’ need.

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9.Consulting engineer

 Consulting engineers interact with a wide

range of companies on a broad scope of
projects
 Often a consultant needs to be registered as
a professional engineer in the state where he
or she does business

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10.Management Engineer

 Management engineer is responsible for the

solution of problems of policy, finance,
organization, public relation, and sales. They
also have the responsibility for the selection
and supervision of the personnel and the
coordination of research, development,
production and all other departments.

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Assignment:

 Write a small essay on why YOU are

studying engineering and your
engineering major.
 Please include a discussion about your
future career plans.

 Due in two weeks, 2-page printed report.

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 Review Questions
 What is Engineering?
 Engineers concentrate on science and ignore mathematics
during design.
T/F
 Engineering work is performed

(a) mainly in the United States

(b) mainly in Europe
(c) in countries around the world
 Most engineering societies

(a) help engineers find employment

(b) have a strong educational component
(c) require advanced degrees for membership

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 Design engineer is responsible for:
A. Providing the detailed specifications of the product
B. Designing tests to verify the reliability of the product
C. Recommending the machines, tools, parts to best serve the
customers’ need.
 Electrical engineering includes:

A. Digital Logic Systems, Fluids.

B. Building power plants and performing system analysis.
C. Computers, communications, circuits and solid state devices.
 Civil engineers:
A. build bridges and water systems
B. work primarily for the federal government
C. do not need a background in biology
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