KEGAGALAN

BANGUNAN
Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)

Design Factors Age Factors

The Key Factors

Influencing Defects

Construction
Vandalism Factors
Factors

Changing Standard
Factors
 Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)

Ignoring Ignoring load Inadequate

variation in soil impact on provisions for
conditions structural movement
stability
Ignoring
Exceeding aggressive
allowable environmental
deflection limits Defects effects
in Civil
Ignoring wind Ignoring
Design biological
effect on the
structure effects

Inadequate Locating ductwork Inadequate

concrete cover on at structural structural
the reinforcement locations design
Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)

Designing Specifying
narrow stairs, incompatible exterior
passages and finishes with climate
doors

Defects in
Architectura Specifying
Designing
l Design finishes which
inadequate joints
need complete
between finished
replacement
surfaces
Ignoring climatic
effects on
exterior shapes
Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)

Ignoring access Designing

for maintenance permanent
equipment fixations

Defects in
Maintenance
Practicality
and
Adequacy
Ignoring Ignoring
maintenance maintenance
requirements in equipment
the design availability
Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)
Insufficient
Lack of QA/QC technical
program during updating or
design staff training

Defects Due to Lack of

Misjudgment of designer’s
Consultant
user’s intended technical
Firm
use background
Administration
and Staff

Hiring Lack of
unqualified designer field
designers experience
Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)

Overlooking Unclear
allowable lead specification
limits

Defects Due to
Specifying Construction
inadequate Specification
concrete mix Inadequate
design definition of
material type
Overlooking
QA/QC
construction
procedures
Faulty Design in Construction Defects Assaf and Al-Hammad (1997)

Conflicting
Lack of
details
references

Defects Due to
Construction
Drawings

Lack of details