Atresia Esofagus

•Esophageal atresia is a
congenital condition
characterized by the absence of
a hole / estuary with or without
connection with the trachea
epidemiology

•1: 3000 - 4500 births

•<1% there is a history of parents
with similar disorders
•2-3 x more often in twins
Etiology
• 1. Drug factors, one of the drugs
known to cause congenital
abnormalities is thalidomine
• 2. Radiation factor, Radiation at the
beginning of pregnancy may cause
congenital abnormalities in janian
which can cause mutations in genes.
• 3. Nutritional factors, investigations
show that the frequency of congenital
clinical manifestations
• polyhydramnios (amniotic fluid> 2000 ml)
in pregnancy
• secretions in the baby's mouth increase
• Baby choking, coughing or cyanotic when
given a drink
• A few hours after birth arises snoring and
shortness of breath
• Visible air bubbles mixed with white mucus
in the nostrils and mouth due to
regurgitation of saliva or first drink.
pathogenesis

•esophageal atresia can be caused

by posterior spontaneous
deviation of the
tracheoesophageal septum / due
to several mechanical factors
which lead to the dorsal wall of
the front gut anteriorly.
Diagnosis
• of visible symptoms
• Antenatal diagnosis with ultrasound
at 14-15 weeks' gestation with the
result that there is no visible fetal
gastric picture with normal or
increased amniotic fluid
• Post natal diagnosis
Diagnosis
• Insert a rather stiff catheter through the
nostrils into the esophagus. If the
catheter is stopped after entering 10-12
cm from the nasal cavity, the diagnosis
can be made
• Radiological examination = chest photo
• Insert the catheter through the nose. You
will see a catheter curving upward in the
clogged esophagus.
Therapy
• In a child, a catheter is immediately
inserted into the esophagus and if
possible continuous suction.
• The position of the child to sleep
depends on the presence or absence of a
fistula, because aspiration of gastric fluid
is more dangerous than saliva. Children
with tracheoesophageal fistulas are put
to half-sitting. Children without fistulas
are placed with the head lower
complications
• Gastroesophageal reflux,
• tracheomalacia,
• esophageal dysmotility