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MODEL OF
ATOM
INDEX
About J J Thomson
History of atom
Thomson’s model of atom
Thomson’s experiment of cathode rays
About cathode tube
Three cathode rays experiment
Later development
Noble prize winner
Postulates
Drawbacks
J J Thomson
18 December 1856
Born
Cheetham Hill, Manchester, UK
30 August 1940 (aged 83)
Died Cambridge, UK
From his experiments and observations, he suggested that atoms were like tiny,
hard balls. Each chemical element
An element is a substance made from only one type of atom. An element cannot be
broken down into any simpler substances.
element had its own atoms that differed from others in mass. Dalton believed that
atoms were the fundamental building blocks of nature and could not be split. In
chemical reactions, the atoms would rearrange themselves and combine with other
atoms in new ways.
In many ways, Dalton's ideas are still useful today. For example, they help us to
understand elements, compounds, and molecules.
THOMSON’S MODEL OF AN
ATOM
After the discovery of electrons and protons it was necessary
to know how these particles are arranged within the atom.
Various scientists tried to describe this structure and after
subsequent improvements through experiments, the structure
of an atom is well defined today.Thomson's model
J.J.Thomson proposed the first simple and most primitive
model in 1898, which considered an atom to be a sphere of
uniform positive charge into which the negatively charged
electrons were embedded. This model was like a plum
pudding dotted with raisins and was thus called as 'plum
pudding' model of the atom.
PLUM PUDDING MODEL
The plum pudding model of the atom by J. J. Thomson, who
discovered the electron in 1897, was proposed in 1904 before the
discovery of the atomic nucleus. In this model, the atom is
composed of electrons (which Thomson still called "corpuscles",
though G. J. Stoney had proposed that atoms of electricity be called
electrons in 1894[1]) surrounded by a soup of positive charge to
balance the electron's negative charge, like negatively-charged "
plums" surrounded by positively-charged "pudding". The electrons
(as we know them today) were thought to be positioned throughout
the atom, but with many structures possible for positioning multiple
electrons, particularly rotating rings of electrons (see below).
Instead of a soup, the atom was also sometimes said to have had a
cloud of positive charge.
THOMSON’S CATHODE RAY EXPERIMENT