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Aerobic respiration
Substrates in respiration:
• Carbohydrates: starch/glycogen
glucose
– Glucose as substrate oxidation can be
divided into 3 phases:
• Glycolysis (the Embden Meyerhof Pathway)
cytoplasm
• Oxidative decarboxylation (Krebs/TCA cycle)
matrix mitochondrion
• Oxidative phosphorilation cristae
• Fats β-oxidation
• Proteins transamination, deamination
• Acetyl-CoA is generated in the
mitochondria primarily from two sources:
– the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) reaction
– fatty acid oxidation
ATP yield in aerobic respiration
Glycolysis 4 2 2 0
Link Reaction 0 0 2 0
Krebs Cycle 2 0 6 2
Total 40 2 10 2
Regulation of the PDH Complex
• The hydrogen ions received from the Krebs Cycle are attached to hydrogen
carriers (NAD and FAD) which are reduced.
• As reduced NAD and FAD are passed along the electron transport chain,
the hydrogens are removed and the hydrogen atoms split into:
Hydrogen ion – H+ (proton)
Electron – e-
• At the end of the system, the hydrogen ions and electrons recombine and
are then used to reduce oxygen to form water.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• The formation of ATP through the oxidation of hydrogen atoms
Anaerobic respiration
• Glucose 2 piruvic acids
– In animals:
• 2 piruvic acids 2 lactic acids
– In plants:
• 2 piruvic acids 2 CO2↑ + 2 ethanal 2 ethanol
Energy conversion efficiency:
• Aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +38 ATP ΔG=-2880kJ/mol
efficiency= 38 x -30.6 =40.37%
-2880
• Anaerobic respiration
– Yeast:
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2 C2H5OH +2 ATP ΔG=-210kJ/mol
efficiency= 2 x -30.6 =29.14%
-210
– muscle
C6H12O6 2 CH3CHOHCOOH + 2 ATP ΔG=-150kJ/mol
efficiency= 2 x -30.6 =40.80%
-150
• Kiri
1. Tuliskan reaksi respirasi anaerob pada
yeast
2. hitung ATP yang dihasilkan dan berapa
% efisiensi konversi energinya
• Kanan
1. Tuliskan reaksi respirasi aerob
2. Hitung ATP yang dihasilkan dan berapa
% efisiensi konversi energinya
Kanan
• Aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +38 ATP ΔG=-2880kJ/mol
efficiency= 38 x -30.6 =40.37%
-2880
Kiri
• Anaerobic respiration
– Yeast:
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2 C2H5OH +2 ATP ΔG=-210kJ/mol
efficiency= 2 x -30.6 =29.14%
-210
Jika terdapat 2 mol glukosa, berapa ATP
yang dihasilkan dan berapa % efisiensi
konversi energinya pada kondisi (kanan &
kiri). Sebutkan tahapan & tempat proses
oksidasinya
• Kanan:
aerob,
• Kiri
anaerob
Kanan
• Aerobic respiration
2C6H12O6 + 12O2 12CO2 + 12H2O +76 ATP ΔG=-5760kJ/mol
efficiency= 76 x -30.6 =40.37%
-5760
• Glycolysis (the Embden Meyerhof Pathway) cytoplasm
• Oxidative decarboxylation (Krebs/TCA cycle) matrix mitochondrion
• Oxidative phosphorilation cristae
Kiri
• Anaerobic respiration
– Yeast:
2C6H12O6 4CO2 + 4C2H5OH +4 ATP ΔG=-420kJ/mol
efficiency= 4 x -30.6 =29.14%
-420
• Glycolysis (the Embden Meyerhof Pathway) cytoplasm