MATERIALS SCIENCE AND MATERIALS

ENGINEERING
Materials science:
Study the relationship between structure and
material properties
Material scientists: develop and synthesize new
materials.
Materials Engineering (material engineering):
Based on the relationship of structure-material
properties design and engineer material
structures to produce the appropriate material
Material Engineer: produce new products using
existing materials.
 Material Properties
Properties "are material responses when exposed to external stimuli.
Properties do not depend on shape and size.
Traits can be categorized as six:
Mechanical properties: relates to the material response to force or load.
Electrical properties: material response to the electric field. Example:
conductivity, dielectric constant.
Thermal properties. Example: heat capacity
Magnetic properties: material response to magnetic fields.
Optical properties: response to light. Example: refractive index, reflection
index.
Deteriorative: material response to the environment.
In addition to structure and properties there are two other important
things also in material science and material engineering, namely process
and performance (performance).
 WHY NEED TO LEARN MATERIAL
Almost all application scientists and engineers will
be involved in design problems involving
material.
The problem: choosing material.
Some criteria that must be considered in
selecting material:
In-service conditions.
Are there deteriorations in properties during use.
Example: a decrease in strength due to exposure
to high temperatures or a corrosive environment.
Economy, consideration of costs (prices).
The more familiar (know) a scientist and engineer with the characteristics
and structure of the material and the manufacturing process, the more
confident they are to choose materials based on these criteria.
Classification of Engineering Materials:
Broadly speaking, technical material can be classified into:
Metal material
Based on chemical composition, metals and alloys can be
divided into two groups, namely:
Ferrous / ferrous metals
Non ferrous metal
Nonmetal material
Nonmetal materials can be divided into several groups,
namely:
Ceramics
Plastic (polymer)
Composite
 Characteristics of Technical Materials:
Metal
Metals are materials that have high electrical conductivity
with good conductor properties
resistant to high temperatures, has a high boiling point,
hard, shiny, opaque, and
can be deformed.
General characteristics of METAL
.High electrical and thermal conductivity
.Mechanical properties (hardness and strength) are
generally high
.Period is relatively high
.Corrosion
.A distinctive color and not transparent
Based on the chemical composition, the metal
and its alloys can
divided into two groups, namely:
Ferrous / ferrous metals
Non ferrous metal
Ferro
ferro is a metal with its main constituent element is Fe (iron). Ferro metal is
divided into:
Steel
Steel is an alloy between Fe and C (iron and carbon), the maximum carbon of steel
is 2.1%. Carbon in steel
forming iron carbides (Fe3C or cementite). Steel is a metal with its main
constituent element is Fe (iron) and
C (carbon) with carbon content between 0.02% to 2.1%. This steel consists of:
Carbon Steel (Carbon Steel), Based on the chemical composition of steel can be
divided:
Low Carbon Steel (Low Carbon Steel), with carbon content of 0.02% ≤ C 2 0.2%.
Example: plate and nail.
Medium Carbon Steel (Medium Carbon Steel), with carbon content of 0.2% <C ≤
0.5%.
Example: gears and shafts.
High Carbon Steel (High Carbon Steel), with carbon content of 0.5% <C 1 2.1%.
Examples: spiral, string, and forging prints.
Alloy Steel (Alloy Steel)
Alloy steel is steel obtained from the integration
of two elements
or more to get certain mechanical properties that
desired. Steel consists of elements Fe + C, but in
the making
the steel added alloy elements that can
affect the properties of the steel. Alloy elements
commonly added in steel making such as: Mn, Al,
Ni,
Cr, S, P, Mg, Si, etc.
 alloy steel is divided into:
Low alloy steel, = if the number of alloying
elements is <5%, this amount does not change
the nature of steel widely.
high alloy steel = if the number of alloying
elements is> 5%, this amount will affect the
properties of steel widely, for example: Stain
Less Steel with Cr alloy elements> 12%.
Based on usability:
Stainless steel
With the addition of Cr. Example: Stainless steel
Wear resistant steel
With the addition of Mn. Example: Excavator nails
High temperature resistant steel
With the addition of Mo and W. Example: Turbine
blade
Tool steel
With the addition of Mo and V. Example: Carbide
tool
Non Ferro
Non ferrous metals are metals with their main
constituent elements
other than Fe (iron) mixed with other
elements.
Example: brass (Cu + Zn), aluminum,
 Nonmetal material
CERAMIC
Ceramics are a mixture of metal elements and nonmetallic
elements, generally in the form of oxides, nitrides and
carbides. general properties and are easily seen physically
in most types of ceramics are britle or brittle, and resistant
to friction. Application: Furnaces, motor spark plugs.
General properties of ceramics:
Hard and brittle
Low tensile strength
High compressive strength
Good insulator
Corrosion resistant
Hold at high temperatures
POLYMER
The word polymer comes from Greek
Namely Poly and Meros
Poly means a lot
Meros means units or parts
So polymers are macromolecules (giant
molecules) that are composed of monomers
which are small and simple molecules.
 Classification of polymers can be
divided based on:
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are polymers with straight carbon chains, not
high temperature resistance, and low strength. Example: plastic.
Thermosetting
Thermosetting is a polymer with branched hydrocarbon chains,
resistant to high temperatures, and has high stability.
Examples: PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) and melamine.
Elastomer
Elastomers are polymers that have high elasticity and mesh chains.
Example: Natural rubber.
General properties of polymers :
Light (relatively low type)
Does not hold high temperatures
Low tensile strength and high tenacity
Good insulator
Low modulus of elasticity
 COMPOSITES
Is a combination of two materials (fiber and matrix).
The purpose of designing composites: getting a
combination of properties that are not owned by
material individually.
The most well-known composites: glass fiber
combined with polymers (usually epoxy or
polyester).
Glass fiber, for example, has hard, strong,
lightweight properties and the polymer is flexible.
Fiber functions as an amplifier and matrix as a
binder.