Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Indication For Special Technique
Infection
Pathology
Trismus
Trauma
Nerve Block Techniques
Extraoral Maxillary Nerve Block
Extraoral Infraorbital Nerve Block
Extraoral Mandibular Nerve Block
Nerve Block Techniques
GowGates Mandibular Nerve Block
Akinosi Closed Mouth Mandibular Nerve
Block
Infiltration Techniques
Periodontal Ligament
Intraosseous
Mylohyoid Nerve
GowGates Mandibular Block
Developed to improve success rate
True mandibular nerve block
Has a lower rate of positive aspiration
(2% vs. 10%15% for IAN)
Technique dependent
Indication For Special Technique
Anatomic variation
Complete nerve trunk
Selective pulpal / soft tissue anesthesia
GowGates Mandibular Block
Target Area
Neck of condyle, below insertion of lateral
pterygoid muscle
GowGates Mandibular Block
Landmarks
Mesiolingual cusp of maxillary 2nd molar
Intertragic notch
Corner of the mouth
GowGates Mandibular Block
Technique
Coordinate intraoral & extraoral landmarks
Align barrel of syringe over premolars and
with extraoral landmarks
GowGates Mandibular Block
Technique (cont.)
Penetrate mucosa distil to 2nd molar
Advance needle to bone (avg. 25 mm)
Aspirate, deposit 1.8 ml of solution slowly
GowGates Mandibular Block
Technique (cont.)
Patient’s mouth must be fully open during
injection and for 12 mins afterward
May require reinforcement with second
injection
GowGates Mandibular Block
Complications
Hematoma (< 2%)
Trismus
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Alternative for mandibular block when
limited opening is present
( eg. trismus, closed lock, etc..)
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Advantages
Not necessary to open widely
High success rate
Relatively atraumatic
Few complications, few positive aspirations
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Disadvantages
Visualization of path and depth of insertion
is difficult
No bony contact
Traumatic if needle hits periosteum
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Target Area
Soft tissue medial to ramus
Above foramen, below condyle
Landmarks
Mucogingival junction of maxillary 2nd or 3rd molar
Maxillary tuberosity
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Area of insertion
Soft tissue overlying medial ramus,
adjacent to tuberosity
At height of mucogingival junction of
maxillary 2nd or 3rd molar
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Technique
Retract soft tissues, have patient occlude
Apply topical
Penetrate to 25 mm, parallel to maxillary
occlusal plane, in a posterior and lateral
direction
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Technique (cont.)
Aspirate, deposit 1.8 ml slowly
Motor paralysis will develop first, allowing
patient to open more widely
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Complications
Hematoma (<10%)
Facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s Palsy)
Trismus (rare)
Akinosi Closed Mouth
Mandibular Block
Failures of anesthesia
Lateral flaring of mandible
Insertion too low
Penetration too deep or shallow (adjust for
patient size)