THERMOMETRY

Luis David Morales

Juan Esteban Vasco
HISTORY
• Need to define observations.
• Galileo (1564-1642) and his thermoscope in 1592.

Galileo Galilei Galileo thermoscope

• Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) professor University of Padua, introducer of
the clinical thermoscope (1612).
• Decimal graduation (thermoscope) and fixed points.
• Attempt to measure the temperature of the moon.
• Galeno (129-201) defined 4 qualities

Santorio Santorio.
Galeno.
Clinical thermoscope
• Otto von Guericke (1602-1686) built a thermometer based on Galileo's,
then modified it.
• Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) manufactures the first thermometer
with an operation based on mercury and the invention of a temperature
scale from two points 0ºF and 96º F
• Anders Celsius (1701-1744), knowing the dependence of pressure
thermometers, defines a scale at 751.22 mm Hg.

Mercury thermometer.

Alcohol thermometer. Anders Celsius.

 TEMPERATURE SCALE
• In order to quantify any quantity, a scale is needed.
• Currently, the most commonly used scales are
Celsius (ºC), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K).
ABSOLUTE SCALE (Kelvin)
• He took the Celsius scale as a reference base.
• No gas meets the equation of ideal gases (PV = nRT) but these deviations
can be taken into account.
• The temperature at which P for an ideal gas is zero is 0 K (-273.15 ºC).
• To have greater accuracy in the replication of the scales, several fixed
points and specific means were established.

Points defined for the international

scale.
William Thompson Kelvin
 TYPES OF THERMOMETERS
• Resistance thermometers take advantage of the change in the electrical
resistance of conductors and semiconductors with temperature.
• The thermocouple is a temperature sensor that produces a voltage
dependent on it at the ends of two conductors.
• Glass liquid thermometer.
• Bimetallic thermometers.
TYPES OF THERMOMETRIES
• Radiation thermometry is the measurement of the temperature of an object
by radiometric methods.
• Luminescence thermometry is based on observations of changes in
luminescence characteristics with temperature.
• Nano-scale thermometry refers to the determination of temperature or
temperature difference on the submicrometric scale..

Nano-scale thermometry
Radiation thermometry Luminescence thermometry
 APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS OF THE RADIATION THERMOMETRY
• Radiation thermometry in the steel industry :
• Reasons:
• * Improved quality control.
• * Increased productivity.
• * Increased energy efficiency.
• When NOT to use radiation thermometers? Under what circumstances?
• When to use radiation thermometers? Under what circumstances?
Use of radiation thermometers in the manufacture of
steel

In an Open Hearth Furnace In a Basic Oxygen Furnace

• Radiation thermometers have
been used in two areas of an open
furnace: Roof temperatures and
temperatures of molten steel.
• Radiation thermometers have
been used experimentally to
continuously measure the
temperatures of the molten steel
in the BOF.
Applications of luminescence thermometry
Thermal barrier and environmental barrier coatings, TBC (thermal barrier
coatings) and EBC (environmental barrier coatings), are used to protect
structural materials when operating at high temperatures, high temperature
flows and thermal oxidation environments.
Applications of nano-scale thermometry
Electronic systems are present in our daily lives, and increasingly smaller
components are needed, which is why a temperature control at these scales is
vital.

In order to provide reliability in specific environments, monitoring is carried

out under certain temperature conditions and thus analyze the behavior.

Microchip
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• DeWitt, D., & Nutter, G. (1988). Theory and practice of Radiation
Thermometry. New York: WILEY & SONS.
• Dramicánin, M. (2018). Luminescence Thermometry: Methods, Materials
and applications. Cambridge: ELSEVIER.
• Hall, A. (1953). Fundamentals of Thermometry. Londres: unwin brthers
limited.
• Martínez, I. (2018). Obtenido de
http://webserver.dmt.upm.es/~isidoro/lab1/Thermometry/Thermometry.
pdf
• Richmond, J., & DeWitt, D. (1985). Aplications of Radiation Thermometry.
Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials.
• Royal Society of Chemistry. (2016). Thermometry at the nanoscale.
Londres: Royal Society of Chemistry.
• Saunders, P. (2007). Radiation Thermometry Fundamentals and
Aplications in the petrochemical industry. Washington: Society for photo-
optical instrumentations engineers.
• ZyTemp. (2018). Obtenido de
http://www.zytemp.com/infrared/thermometry_history.asp