CE 4219

Design of Steel Structure

Introductory Lecture

Presented by-
Md. Maruf Molla
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

What is Steel Structure?

a structure which is made from organized combination of structural steel members

designed to carry loads and provide adequate rigidity.

Because of the high strength grade of steel, this structure is reliable and requires less
raw materials than other types of structure like concrete structure and timber structure.

In modern construction, steel structure is used for almost every type of structure
including heavy industrial buildings, multi-storey buildings, equipment support
systems, infrastructure, bridges, towers, airport terminals, etc
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Main structural types

•Frame structures: Beams and columns
•Grids structures: latticed structure or dome
•Prestressed structures
•Truss structures: Bar or truss members
•Arch structure
•Arch bridge
•Beam bridge
•Cable-stayed bridge
•Suspension bridge
•Truss bridge: truss members
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Advantages of structural steel as construction material

 High strength: The high ratio of strength to weight (the strength per unit weight).
 Uniformity: The Properties of steel do not change appreciably with time, as do those
of a reinforced-concrete structure.
 Elasticity: Behaves closer to design assumptions than most materials because it
follows hook’s law upto fairly high stresses.
 Permanence: Steel frames that are properly maintained will last indefinitely.
 Excellent ductility and seismic resistance: The property of a material by which it can
withstand extensive deformation without failure under high tensile stresses is its
ductility.
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Advantages of structural steel as construction material Contd…

 Toughness: Structural steels are tough i.e., they have both strength and ductility.
The ability of a material to absorb energy in large amounts is called toughness.
 Addition to Existing Structures
 Ease of fabrication and speed of erection

Disadvantages
 Susceptibility to corrosion Maintenance costs / thin-walled structure
 Loss of strength at elevated temperature: Fireproofing costs
 Susceptibility to buckling: Slender member in compression
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Effect of Carbon percentage on Steel Properties

Carbon has a major effect on steel properties. Carbon is the primary hardening
element in steel. Hardness and tensile strength increases as carbon content.
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Effect of Carbon percentage on Steel Properties

Steel Type Carbon Percentage

Mild Steel Upto 0.25%
Medium Carbon Steel 0.25-0.45%
High Carbon Steel 0.45-1.5%

• Adding metals such as nickel, chromium, and tungsten to iron produces a

wide range of alloy steels, including stainless steel and high speed steels.
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

RC FRAMED STRUCTURE STEEL FRAMED STRUCTURE

•Basically material used for taking load is •Basically material used for taking load is Steel.
Reinforced Cement Concrete.
•In reinforced concrete framed structure, the cross •In Steel framed structure, the Cross Section areas
Section areas of structural elements are large. of structural elements are small.
•Reinforced concrete framed structure is less •Steel framed structure is more resistant to
resistant to Earthquake and Wind. Earthquake and Wind.
•In reinforced cement concrete framed structure, the •In Steel framed structure, the tensile strength of
tensile strength of RCC structural elements is less as Steel structural elements is more as compared to
compared to Steel structural elements. RCC structural elements.
•Reinforced concrete framed structure is more •Steel framed structure is less labour intensive and
labour intensive. much work can be done in workshop.
•Speed of construction is less. •Speed of construction is more.
•Reinforced concrete framed structure is less prone •Steel framed structure is prone to corrosion.
to corrosion, but if concrete is not properly done, it
is equally prone to corrosion and not only that
repairs are also very costly, sometimes more than
original cost.
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

RC FRAMED STRUCTURE STEEL FRAMED STRUCTURE

•Cost of repair is more and repair are cumbersome. •Cost of repair is less and repair are comparatively
easy.
•Skilled as well as non-skilled workers are needed for •Only Skilled worker are needed for its construction.
its construction.
•Construction is simple. •Construction is cumbersome.
•Weight of structural elements is more. •Weight of structural elements is less.
•Reinforced concrete framed structure is fire resistant. •Steel framed structure is not fire resistant.
•Concreting needs care while constructing. •Joint needs care while constructing.
•Quality control is difficult. •Better quality control.
•It is brittle as compared to steel structure. Hence, •It is ductile. Hence, failure is not sudden.
failure is sudden and hazardous.
•In reinforced concrete framed structure, the cross •In steel framed structure, the Cross section of
section of elements are square, rectangle, circular, L elements are I shaped, L shaped, C shaped, T shaped
shaped, T shaped etc. etc.
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Some Notable Structures Built

with Steel
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Forth Bridge in UK
CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Eiffel Tower in France

CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Empire State Building in US

CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Golden Gate Bridge in US

CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Howrah Bridge in India

CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Petronas Tower in Malaysia

CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Hardinge Bridge Pakshi

CE 4219 Design of Steel Structure

Padma Bridge
 Curriculum

CE 4219: Design of Steel Structures

Credit: 2.00 Contact hours: 2.0 hrs/week

Behavior of structural steel members and steel frames; Code requirements; Design
of tension and compression members by WSD and LFD methods; Design of beam,
beam-columns; Joint design.
 Book Reference

 Design of Steel Structures

- Edwin H. Gaylord, Jr.
- Charles N. Gaylord
- James E. Stallmeyer