ACIDS AND BASES

ACID AND BASE

 Acid come form latin

(acer) means sour.
Acid in some food can
make it sour taste. For
example
orange,lemon,etc.
Consist of citiric and
ascorbic acid
 TEORI ASAM BASA
Secara Umum :

Senyawa yang mengandung Hidrogen dan larut

Asam :
dalam Air untuk menghasilkan ion hidrogen

Senyawa yang mengandung gugus OH dan dalam

Basa :
Air menghasilkan ion -OH

Senyawa yang terbuat dari logam dan non – logam

Garam :yang terikat menjadi satu
 TEORI ASAM BASA

Reaksi Asam dalam Air

HCl ----- H+ + Cl-
HNO3 ----- H+ + NO3-
Reaksi Basa dalam Air
NaOH ----- Na+ + OH-
NH4OH ----- NH4+ + OH-
Acids properties

1. Conduct electricity (strong

acids)
2. Change blue litmus to red
3. Have a sour taste
4. React with bases to
neutralize their properties
5. React with active metals to
liberate hydrogen
6. pH values 6-0
Acids
Acids are defined as:
 Substances which ionize to
form hydrogen(+) ions in
aqueous solution.
(Arrhenius)
 Substances that act as
proton donors (Bronsted-
Lowry) or as electron-pair
acceptors (Lewis)
 Examples HCl, H2SO4
Bases properties
 Base properties
1. Conduct electricity (strong
bases)
2. Change red litmus to blue
3. Have a slippery feeling (like
soap)
4. React with acids to neutralize
their properties
5. pH values 8-14
 Bases
Bases are defined as:
 Substances which ionize to form
hydroxide ions OH(-) in aqueous
solution
 Substances that act as proton
receptors (Bronsted-Lowry) or
as electron-pair donors (Lewis)
 Examples: NH3OH, NaOH,
AMMONIA
cleaner CaCO3 , NaHCO3 (baking soda)
 pH Scale
pH 0 Acidic  The pH scale is used to
1 measure how acidic or
lemon juice 2
3
basic is a liquid.
vinegar
4  pH measures the
5
6
concentration of
d water 7 Neutral hydrogen ions (H+) and
8 hydroxide ions (OH-).
baking soda
9
detergent 10  The scale goes from 0
11 through 14. Distilled
ammonia 12 water is 7, so is called
13 neutral.
14 Basic
 Indicators
An indicator is a large organic molecule that works
somewhat like a "color dye."

Indicator Acid Base

Red litmus paper Stays same Turns blue
Blue litmus paper Turns red Stays same
Bromophenol blue Yellow Stays blue
Phenolphtalein Colorless Pink
 Natural indicators
 There are natural
indicators for acids and
bases, and we may
find them in our kitchen
or garden!
 Red rose flowers
 Bougainvillea flowers
 Red cabbage
 Blue berries

http://tides.sfasu.edu:2006/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/Digital&CISOPTR=1019&CISOBOX=1&REC=4
 Red cabbage
 The first to make indicator from
red cabbage.
 To refine Red cabbage and mix
in to boiling water until 10
minutes
 Make it cold and filter it
 Greenish-blue (alkali)
 Pink (acid)
 Acids and bases reactions

 The acids react with bases, forming salts

ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

H-OH
 Caves formation

 Cave formation is based on a chemical

reaction between an acid and a base. This
acid is carbonic acid (H2CO3), and the base
is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), although it is
not a direct reaction.
 Caves formation
 Carbonic acid is formed by the reaction of rain
water and carbon dioxide from soil. When the
water is absorbed by the soil into the ground it
reacts with the carbon dioxide present there:

H2O + CO2 → H2CO3

Water + carbon dioxide → carbonic acid

 Carbonic acid is responsible for acid rain.

 Caves formation

 The acid water reacts chemically with rocks

made of the base calcium carbonate, called
limestone, and dissolves them:

H2CO3 + CaCO3 → Ca + H2CO3

Carbonic acid + calcium carbonate → calcium + carbonic acid
 Caves formation
 The calcium reacts with the hydrogen
carbonate:
Ca + HCO3 → CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O

 The carbon dioxide is given off into cave air

to react again with rain water. Calcium
carbonate is deposited, and water is formed.
That’s the reason you will always see water
inside the limestone caverns.
 Caves formation
 These series of
chemical reactions
are very slow and
take thousands of
years to produce
the characteristic
stalagmites and
stalactites of
these caverns.

http://tides.sfasu.edu:2006/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/PPY&CISOPTR=81&CISOBOX=1&REC=1
 Resources

Animation of cave formation on Exploring Earth:

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es
1405/es1405page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization