By: ABHISHEK.

K
Roll No:359
Section: A
 Global Warming: The increase in the average
temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans.
 Ozone Layer: Ozone is a colourless gas which is
produced by the recombination of oxygen under the
influence of ultra violet radiations from the sun in the
upper layers of atmosphere. The part where this forms
is called the Ozone Layer.
 Ozone layer as a protective Umbrella: It absorbs the
UV rays and prevents them from reaching the earth.
These rays are very harmful and also plays a crucial
role in the controlling of earth’s temperature.
 Most of the sun rays fall in the polar region
though ozones are mainly formed in the equator
regions. This is due to the global air circulation.
 The depletion of ozone layer has got many
adverse effects. The UV rays can now enter the
Earth through Ozone holes and this will increase
the level of UV radiations reaching the earth’s
surface.
 Can cause Skin cancer, affects the productivity of
the plants, Global warming due to increasing
Carbon dioxide and even death.
 Use of chemicals called aerosols like Fluoro-
Carbons and Chlorofluorocarbons and Nitrous
oxide which are depleting it by 14% and 3.5%
respectively.
 They are mainly contained in sprays and
refrigerants. When they get mixed with chlorine
gas and react with ozone, it destroys it.
 Similarly, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen,
emissions from nuclear explosions and jet
aeroplanes can cause the similar effect.
 Green House effect: A progressive warming up of the earth’s surface due to
blanketing effect of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. Green house gases include
Carbon dioxide, Water vapours, methane gas, nitrous oxide. These gases trap the
infrared radiations and thus heating the earth.
 Importance: Earth would be an extremely cold plant and life in this planet would
have been very difficult.
 Urbanization and Industrialization, increasing population are some of the factors
responsible for these.
 Rio De Janeiro Conference of 1992 made two conventions.: Convention on
Climate Change which puts an obligatory on every signatory to take effective steps
to reduce the emission of green house gases and Biological Diversity.
 1997 Earth Summit Plus five at New York pointed out an increase in 2 % further
leading to global warming.
 Kyoto Protocol which made mandatory cuts in the emission of green house gases.
 Enactment of The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulating and Control )Rules,
2000 under The Environment (Protection )Act, 1986.