Two-Group Neutron Diffusion

Homogeneous system  Determinant of coefficients matrix = 0

k
  a1  D1 B 2
a2
 0
  a1   a 2  D2 B 2

k
(  a1  D1 B )(   a 2  D2 B ) 
2 2
 a 2   a1  0

( a1  D1 B )(  a 2  D2 B )  k  a 2  a1  0
2 2

1 1 1 1
( 2
 B )(
2
2
 B )  k
2
2 2
0
L
Fast L Thermal L
Fast L Thermal

(1  B 2 L2Fast )(1  B 2 L2Thermal )  k  0

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 1
Dababneh).
 Two-Group Neutron Diffusion
(1  B L
2 2
Fast )(1  B L 2 2
Thermal )  k  0
k
1
(1  B LFast )(1  B LThermal )
2 2 2 2

keff 1 1
P Fast Thermal
P
nonleak nonleak 
k B L 2 2
Thermal 1 B L
2 2
Fast 1
For large reactors
k k  1
1 B  2

1  B ( LFast  LThermal )
2 2 2
M2
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 2
Dababneh).
 Two-Group Neutron Diffusion
If any 
M L 2 2
Thermal L 2
Fast leakage
.
D tr 1
2
L   
 a 3  a 3  a  tr
Thermal

n
Fermi age  L 2

3  s  tr
Fast

Slowing down density.

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 3

Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
• Before considering multi-group.
• So far we did 1-D.
• Let us consider one-group but  z
extend to 3-D.
Reactor x
HW 22|
a/2
For the homogeneous infinite a
slab reactor, extend the a0/2
criticality condition that you d d
found in HW 22. 1-D
k  1   f   a
2
 
B     Bm  2 
2
g
2

 a0  L D
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 4
Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
• In 3-D   f  a
D
d  ( x)
2    2 2 2

 B  ( x)  0 
2
   B 2
 0
dx 2
x 2
y 2
z 2

  0 cos Bx    0 cos Bx x cos By y cos Bz z

k  1   f   a
2
 
B     Bm  2 
2
g
2

 0
a L D
k  1   f   a
2 2 2
     
Bg  Bx  B y  Bz           Bm  2 
2 2 2 2 2

 a0   b0   c0  L D

Critical dimensions (size), for the given material

properties, predicted by the model.
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 5
Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
• Transient case. t!
1         
 (r , t )  S (r , t )   a (r ) (r , t )    D(r ) (r , t )
v t
t! afuel   fuel
f  
fuel

Moderator, structure,
coolant, fuel, …
• Delayed neutrons!!
• For homogeneous 1-D:
1   2
 ( x, t )  S ( x, t )   a  ( x, t )  D 2  ( x, t )
v t x
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed   f  ( x, t ) 6
Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
1   2
 ( x, t )    f  ( x, t )   a  ( x, t )  D 2  ( x, t )
v t x
HW 26
Separation of variables:  ( x, t )   ( x)T (t )
1 T  2
    f T   a T  DT 2
v t x
1 T v   
2

  D 2  (  f   a )     constant
T t   x  = 0 for steady state.
 t d 2
Show that T (t )  T (0)e , 2
 B 2
  0 ,   v (  a  DB 2
  f )
dx
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 7
Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
HW 26 (continued) 2
a0  n 
 ( )  0 try  n ( x)  cos Bn x B  
2
n

2  a0 

eigenvalues n  v(  a  DBn   f )
2

?  nx 
Solution  ( x, t )   n
 t
A e cos
n
 a 
n odd  0 
?
 nx 
Initial condition  ( x,0)   An cos 
n odd  a0 
2  a20  nx 
Show that An   a0  ( x,0) cos dx
a0 2  a0 
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 8
Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
2
 n 
B  
2
n
  B12  B22  B32  ...
 a0 
n  v(a  DB   f )  12  22  32  ...
2
n

1  v(a  DB12   f ) Slowest decaying eigenvalue.



1t  x  1t
 ( x, t )  A1e cos   A1e cos B1 x
 a0 
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 9
Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
For steady state 1  v(a  DB   f )  0 2
1

  f  a
Criticality B B 
1
2 2
g  Bm2 1  0
D

Super criticality Bg2  Bm2 LE  1  0

Sub criticality B B
2
g
2
m LE  1  0

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 10

Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
• That was for the bare slab reactor.
• What about more general bare reactor models?
1         
 (r , t )  S (r , t )   a (r ) (r , t )    D(r ) (r , t )
v t
• For steady state, homogeneous model:
   f  a   k  1 
  (r , t ) 
2
 (r , t )    (r , t )  2  (r , t )  0
2

D L
• BC: (extrapolated boundary) = 0.

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed 11

Dababneh).
 Reactor Model: One-Group
• R0, H0 are the extrapolated dimensions.
1       2 R
r   2  B   0
2

r r  dr  dz
• BC’s: Reactor H
 ( R0 , z )  0
 ( r , H0
2 )0
• Let
 (r , z )  (r ) ( z )
Bessel cos
• Solve the problem and discuss criticality condition.
Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, 2007-2008 (Saed
Dababneh).
Project 3 12