Prepared by

Sajida Bibi Noonari

 Standing
 Sitting
 Lying
 Kneeling
 Hanging
 These are the positions, which are derived
from the starting fundamental position.
 Derived positions used to increase stability,
relaxation, reduce muscle work and perform
a particular exercise.
 Foot is placed together
 Knees are extended with
hip is in neutral position
 Spine is erect
 Shoulder adducted
 Neck aligned straight
 Eyes look forward
1. High standing
2. Walk standing
3. Stride standing
4. Step standing
5. Cross standing
6. Toe standing
7. Half standing
8. Foot and onfoot standing
 The legs are abducted
so that the heels are
two foot-lengths apart.
The feet remain at the
same angle as in the
fundamental position
and the weight is
equally distributed
between them.
 The Whole weight of the
body is supported on one
leg; the other may be free
or supported in a variety
of positions.
 One foot is kept on the
stool or on height.
1. Wing Standing
 The hands rest on the
iliac crest. fingers, which
are flexed and adducted,
being anterior and the
thumbs posterior. The
wrists are extended,
forearms are pronated,
elbows flexed and
shoulders abducted.
 The shoulders are
laterally rotated and
abducted strongly, the
elbows are flexed, and
the forearms are
supinated with wrists
and fingers flexed.
 The shoulders are flexed,
elbows, wrist and fingers
extended so that the arms
are held parallel, Shoulder
width apart and at right
angle to the body.
 The arms are straight and
elevated sideways to a
horizontal position with
palm facing up.
 Shoulder abducted, laterally
rotated and extended
 Elbow extended, forearm
supinated
 wrist and fingers extended
 The arms are fully elevated so
that they are in line with the
body, parallel to each other and
with palms facing
1. Lax Stoop standing
 The hips are flexed and the
trunk, head and arms are
relaxed so that they hang
forwards and downwards.
Balance is maintain by a slight
plantar flexion at the ankle
joints, causing a backward
inclination of the leg

Lax stoop standing

2. Stoop Standing
 The hip joints are flexed
while the trunk; head and
arms remain in alignment
and are inclined forwards.

Stoop standing
 Fallout Standing
 One leg is placed directly
forwards to a distance of
three foot-lengths
and this knee is bent; the
back leg remains straight
and the body is inclined
forward in line with it.
 Lunge positions are
similar with regarding
to the position of the
legs,
 but the body always
remains in a vertical
position.
Half Kneeling
 One knee supports
most of the body
weight and the other
leg is bent to a right
angle at hip, knee and
angle so that the foot
is supported on the
ground in a forward
direction

Half kneeling
 The knees and hip are
flexed so that the
patient sits on his
heels. The position is
some time used for
small children, but
most people find it
very uncomfortable
 3. Prone Kneeling
 The Trunk is Horizontal, supported under the
Shoulders by the arms, and at the pelvis by
the thighs, which must be held vertical. The
head is head in line with the trunk

Prone kneeling inclined prone kneeling

1. Stride Sitting
 This is exactly similar to the fundamental
position, except that the legs are abducted so
that the feet are up to two foot-lengths apart.
This increases the stability of the position,
especially if, the feet are pressed to the floor.
3. Crook Sitting

 When sitting on the

floor, the knees are
bent so that the feet
are
 together and flat on
the floor. The Knees
may be together or
apart.

Crook sitting
 Hip is flexed
 Knee is extended and
resting on the floor
5. Cross Sitting
 This is also similar to crook sitting, but the
ankles are crossed and hips strongly
abducted and laterally rotated, so that the
lateral aspect of knees is pressed to the floor.
 For left side sitting the left
leg remains as in cross
sitting and this hip
supports the main
weight of the trunk, while
the right leg is abducted
and medially rotated so that
the lower leg is bent and to
the side.

8.Stoop Sitting
 This is similar to but
easier and more stable
than stoop standing
position.
 The arms may be folded
and supported on a table
allowing the back
muscles to relax.
 position is same as
fallout standing except
that the hip and thigh
of the forward leg are
supported across a
stool, balance is
therefore easier and
the patient is able to
concentrate on
movements, which may
be added
1. Crook lying

 From Lying, the hips and

knees are bent so that
the feet rest on the
floor or plinth. Provided
the feet are fixed by
friction, very little
muscles work is required
apart from that of the
abductors and medial
rotators of the hips to
prevent the knees from
falling apart.
2. Crook Lying with pelvis lifted
 From the previous position the pelvis is
elevated so that the trunk
rests on the shoulders and is brought
into line with the thighs. A firm pillow
may be used to support the buttocks, or
the Extensors of the hips may work to
hold the position.
3. Half Lying
 The Trunk is supported in the oblique
position by inclination of the
long end of the plinth, or by the
arrangement of pillows, while the leg is
supported horizontally. It is important to
see that the trunk is in an alignment
to avoid slumping and so impeding
respiration
4. Prone Lying
 Lying face downwards, the body is fully
supported anteriorly on the
 plinth or floor. The position may be active or
relaxed.
 The Active position. When this is used as a
static holding for posture
 training or prior to exercises, the head is
slightly raised from the supporting
surface and the shoulder are drawn
downward and backwards, The heels
being held together and the toes stretched
6. Side Lying

 1. The patient rolls on to the side from

lying or prone lying, using the under arm
to support the head. It is an unsteady
position used some times for strong trunk
side bending exercise