A presentation on

The MOTION ESTIMATION and MOTION

COMPENSATION
- Introduction and principles

Prepared by:
Sahil Nazir Pottoo
M.Tech ECE
Introduction to Video Compression

 Video Compression tries to eliminate the

temporal redundancy between adjacent frames.
 Once the redundancies are removed the object
requires less memory space. So being smaller in
size, it takes less time for transmission over the
network.
 This in turn significantly reduces storage and
transmission costs.
Motion estimation
 The basic principle of motion estimation is that in most cases,
consecutive video frames will be similar except for changes
induced by objects moving within the frames

For each block in current frame find a matching

block from consecutive frame, so that only the (relatively
small) Residual Error Picture and its corresponding Motion
Vectors are encoded.

The problem for motion estimation to solve is how to

effectively represent the changes between two video frames.

Motion estimation applies a comprehensive two-

dimensional spatial search in order to find the best match for
each block.
Motion compensation
 Motion compensation is a technique that uses the
temporal redundancy between frames in a video
sequence to compress the data. The prediction for the
next frame is estimated by the motion between frames.
Once a motion estimate has been made, the algorithm
only transmits the difference between two frames,
which is contained in the motion information and the
estimation error. If the motion estimation is good, a high
rate of the compression can be achieved.
 In this technique the picture is divided into two parts: the
motion vectors, which estimate the motion in the picture,
and the residual, which is the error between the actual
image and its estimate. In lossless coding, both the exact
motion vector and a version of the residual must be
transmitted. However, if the motion estimation is good,
only the motion vector need be transmitted.
Block matching approach
Example
Residual Error Picture
Any queries ?

Thank you !