FRACTURE

SUBMITTED BY :-
IPSITA NAYAK
M.SC 1stYr
 DEFINITION:-

A fracture is a break in the

continuity of a bone .
 CAUSES
• Trauma
• Crushing forces
• Extreme muscle contractions
• Bending forces
• Falling automobile injury/ motor vehicle
accidents
• Due to muscular action
• Primary bone disease – osteoporosis
TYPES OF FRACTURE
 TYPES OF FRACTURE
1) COMPLETE FRACTURE:-
It involves the entire cross section of
the bone , usually displaced ( abnormal
position) .
2) Incomplete fracture
• It involves a portion of the
cross section of the bone or
may be longitudinal .
3) CLOSED FRACTURE:-

• It is also called a simple fracture , the bone

breaks but there is no open wound in the skin.
4) OPEN FRACTURE:-
 It is also called a compound fracture , the
bone breaks through the skin. The skin is
interrupted over the fracture site .
5) DISPLACED FRACTURE:-
• A fracture in which the two ends of the broken
bone are separated from one another
fracture.

6) COMMINUTED FRACTURE:- In this

fracture bone fragments are crushed , broken
into several pieces.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Stress on a bone, exceeds the
ability of the bone to absorb it

Injury in the bone

Disruption in the continuity

of bone
Disruption of muscle and blood
vessels attached to the end of the
bone

Soft tissue damage

Bleeding and hematoma

forms in modularly canal

Bone tissue surrounds the

fractured site dies
 Inflammatory response :-
vasodilatation, edema , pain , loss
of function
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 MANAGEMENT
• Fracture treatment includes reduction,
immobilization and regarding of normal
function, and strength through rehabilitation.
1) REDUCTION:- it is the process of
manipulation of fractured bone to restore
alignment and alleviate compression and
stretching of nerves and vessels.
 It is two types, A- closed reduction.
B- open reduction.
Skin traction
MAINTAINING AND RESTORING
FUNCTIONS
• Reduction and immobilization promotes
bone and soft tissue healing.
• Elevate the affected extremity and apply
cold to reduce swelling .
• Neurovascular status evaluated and any
deviation should be notified to physician .
• Assist the client to change the position to
relieve pressure and use pillows for support
.
Cont..
• Motivate the patient to carry out ADLs to
promote independent functioning and self
esteem.
 PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
• Analgesics
• Antibiotics
• anticoagulants
 COMPLICATION:-
• Hypovolemic Shock
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Fat embolism syndrome
• Muscle atrophy
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
Physical assessment
Neurovascular assessment
5ps- pain
pulses
pallor
paralysis
paresthesia should be assessed.
 NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1) RISK FOR TRUMA RELATED TO LOSS OF
SKELETAL INTEGRITY OR MOVEMENT OF
BONE FRAGMENTS, WEAKNESS, REDUCING
MUSCLE COORDINATION , LACK OF SAFETY
PREACAUTION.
2) ACUTE PAIN RELATED TO INJURY.
3) IMPAIRED PHYSICAL MOBILITY RELATED TO
NEUROMUSCULAR SKELETAL IMPAIRMENT
,DISCOMFORT AND DECRESED MUSCLE
STRENGTH.
CONCLUSION
 Reference
Lewis’s . Medical Surgical Nursing. 7th Edition, Published By
Elsevier, A Division Of Elsevier India PVT(LTD). 2011. Pp-336-
340.
Linton. Introduction To Medical Surgical Nursing. 4th Edition.
Published By Elsevier Publisher. 2010. Pp- 569-574.
 Brunner, Siddhartha. Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing.
12th Edition. Volume-1. New Delhi: wolters kluwer p(LTD). 2012.
Pp- 567-572.
Lippincott. Manual of Medical Nursing Practice. 9th Edition.
New Delhi. Wolters publisher. 2008. Pp-512-519
www. fracture.nih.org
www.wikipedia.com
 ASSINGMENT
Write the nursing management of the fracture?

SUBMITTED DATE:- 17 .03.2016