Nanostructured Materials: Science and

Technology

Ashutosh Tiwari
Department Of Materials Science & Engineering
University of Utah, USA

Lecture -1

Venue: I.I.T. Roorkee

 Nano: 1x10-9: a billionth Nanometer: 1x10-9 meter

Physics MSE

ECE
Chemistry NanoTechnology

Biology Metallurgy
Chemical
Engineering

1996 World Technology Evaluation Center (National Science Foundation, NSF)

 There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom

An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics

December 29th 1959 APS Annual Meeting

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Richard Feynman
(Noble Prize 1965)
•24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Brittanica on the head of a pin
•Etching lines a few atoms wide with beam of electrons
•Building circuits on the scale of nanometers that can be used as
elements in super computers
•Making a rotating electric motor which can be controlled from the
outside and, not counting the lead-in wires, is only 1/64 inch cube
Lycurgus Cup: Fourth Century AD
(a)seen in transmitted light (b) in reflected light.
What is different today?

“Systematic control of the nanoscale in order to obtain new properties

and functions”
Any material with at least one dimension in the 1-100 nm.
 Application of Nanostructured materials

Magnetic Storage Media

Superhard Materials
Optical tweezers

Nano Textile Products

Biomedical Applications
 Course Contents
Introduction to Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Quantum Confinement Effects

NanofabricationTechniques

Atomic Scale Structural Characterization Techniques

NanoElectronics NanoMagnetics NanoPhotonics

Nanostructured BioCompatible Materials

Surface Area Enhancement

2 um radius particle---2 nm radius particles

Question 1: Many computers use one byte(8 bits) of data for
each letter of the alphabet. There are 44 million words in the
Encyclopedia Britannica.

a. What is the bit density(bit/in2) of the head of a pin if the

entire encyclopedia is printed on it? Assume the average
word is five letters long.
b. What is the byte density?
c. What is the area of a single bit in nm2?
d. A CD-ROM has a storage density of 46 megabytes/in2. and
a DVD has a storage density of 329 megabytes/in2. Is the
pinhead better or worse than these two storage media?
How much better or worse?

Diameter of the head of a pin ~ 1/16 inch

 How much does an atom weigh?

Question 2: Calculate the mass of an atom of

a. Hydrogen (1.0 g/mol)
b. Silver (107.87g/mol)
c. Silicon (28.09 g/mol)
 How many atoms in a piece of solid?

Question 3:
a. What is the mass of a square piece of aluminum foil 100μm
thick and 10 cm wide (density of Al, 2.7 g/cm3)
b. How many atoms are in the piece of foil (atomic weight of
Al, 27 g/mol)