EDUCATIONAL PLANNING,

POLICY and MANAGEMENT

RIZA I. SIBULLAS
Ed.D – P.E. Student
Reporter

REYNALDO G. PERALTA, EdD

Professor
Definition of Planning

According to Adesina (1990), planning is a way of

projecting our intentions, that is, a method of deciding
what we what to accomplish.

Ejiogu (1990) stated that planning means to project,

forecast, design or make or chart our course.
What makes planning vital to all
school?
According to Franco (1994), planning helps build
better programs for students. It does this by helping
you to:
 Decide how and where to set priorities in the use of
limited human and economic resources.
 Decide how to accomplish not only your short-range
goals, but also your medium and long range goals.
 Build on the strong and successful parts of the program,
as well as to identify and improve the weak parts.
 Reach agreement in the school community about what to
do and how to do it.
What is Educational
Planning?
Educational planning can be defined as the
process of setting out in advance,
strategies, policies, procedures,
programmes and standards through which
an educational objective (or set of
objectives) can be achieved.
SYSTEM APPROACH TO
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
1. System thinking will view the university, college, or
school as a complete organism, which will have to survive,
stabilize and grow or die.
2. System planning also means the purposeful use of
conversion process where planned objectives and
strategies correspond or are matched by real
accomplishments.
3. System conversion means the use of education
processes or conversion techniques to optimize the most
from the inputs.
4. System thinking means the use of inputs through
processes that ensure outputs or results.
Components of Educational
Planning
• Educational status
• Supply and demand of teachers
• Educational financing
• School buildings
• Curriculum development
• Educational materials
• Expansion models
• Relevance to political, economic, social and cultural
policies and objectives
• Integrated implementation
• Legal bases
What is Management?

Management includes planning,

organizing, staffing, leading or
directing, and controlling an
organizational’ resources (human,
material, financial and time) to
accomplish the goal.
Function of Management
1. Planning- Planning is a process of setting objectives
and determining what should be done to accomplish
them. Planning sketches a complete mental picture of
thing.
2. Organizing- The organizing of an activities is based on
a differentiation of task. Integration of differentiated
tasks by assigning activities responsibilities to staff,
structuring task and coordinating activities in a logical
and meaningful order.
3. Leading - There is distinction between managers and
leaders. Leadership is path finding and manager is path
following.
4. Staffing --- Formulating staff personal
policies. Recruitment of staff, selecting,
orienting and assigning duties to staff,
providing staff welfare measures.
5. Controlling— Control is regulation of
operation in accordance with the objectives
specified in plans. Control is essential to
ensures that operations are directed
towards the attainment of organizational
objectives.
Scope of Educational Management
• Helps in decision making and solving problems,
communication and managing information and
building effective teams
• Providing human equipment ie supervisor, teachers,
non- teaching staff, office workers and providing
material equipment such as building, furniture, labs,
library, museum etc in an effective way.
• Co-curricular planning, preparing timetable
• Motivating staff and students
• Conducting staff meetings and Managing conflicts
and stress
 Developing healthy and conducive school
climate
 Organization of counseling and guidance
 Organization of health and physical
education, organization of exhibitions and
fairs
 Maintenance of school records, evaluating
students achievements
 Financing and budgeting
 Community service
 The Development of Education
Planning and System
Management in Philippine School
System

A. Pre-Colonial Period
 The existence of ALIBATA is one of the evidences of
civilization.
 Writing implements included barks of trees and
sharpened pieces of iron, palm leaves, and bamboo
nodes.
 Schools existed where children are taught reading,
writing, religion and incantation and self-defense.
 Most schools offered learning the Sanskrit and
arithmetic.
 Instruction was also done at home where parents and
other elders in the household taught children
obedience to elders, and loyalty to tribal laws and
traditions.
 B. Spanish Period
• The alibata was replaced by Romanized script.
• Castilian language was mandated as the medium of
instruction.
• Education was put under the control of religious orders, the
friars. “Brutalized the masses” that led to the establishment
of Frailocracy
• Schools opened separately.
• The objectives of opening schools were to popularize
education and to train “religious, obedient, and instructed
teachers”.
• Courses included Christian doctrine, morality, and history,
reading and writing in Spanish, arithmetic, and practical
agriculture, rules of courtesy and Spanish history.
• Girls in the elementary level had special courses on
sewing, mending, and cutting and those in high school
had instrumental music (piano), painting, and sketching,
sewing and embroidery, and domestic science.
• UST was the only institution of higher learning offering
courses such as medicine, pharmacy, midwifery and law.
• During the brief period after the success of the
Philippine revolutionaries against Spain, the leaders of
the Republic tried to infuse nationalism in the education
system.
• The Malolos constitution stipulated Tagalog was the
national language but Spanish still dominated the
curriculum.
 C. American Period
• Thomasites heralding the institution of
English as the new medium of
instruction.
• Public school system was instituted
making it obligatory for all children.
• Education was given for free.
• English and Mathematics dominated
the curriculum and the teaching of
religion was prohibited
 Inhigh school, Latin and Spanish
classics were replaced by the study
of the English language and Anglo-
American Literature.
 Required courses included: General
science, Algebra, Geometry, Physics,
US history and government
 The UP curriculum was patterned
after some American universities.
 D. Japanese Period
• Basic policy: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
• The military administration outlined the basic principles
of education in the Philippines. Some of these included:
• Cut dependence on Western nations
• Foster a new Filipino culture
• Spread the Japanese language and end use of English,
Focus of basic education and promote vocational
education
• Inspire people with love of labor
• Social sciences and literature were de-emphasized while
vocational education and service to the country were
given focus.
 The use of Tagalog was encouraged, especially
in literature.
 Jose P. Laurel Administration:
 Created the National Education Board to look
into curriculum changes and develop a more
relevant education program
 Advocated for the use of the national language
and the teaching of Asian history and culture
 Mandated that only Filipinos should teach
Filipino history.