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MASTERS PROGRAMME
Project Management
Lecturer
Azmat Qayum
A project has dedicated resources, a
single point of responsibility, clear
boundaries, across which resources and
deliverables move, limited duration; it is a
one-off task and has objectives. It is a
useful way of organizing work. Projects do
not arise without deliberate intervention.
Project Definition
Mergers
New markets, products
Market dominance
Expand into emerging economies
Form alliances within the customer/
supplier chain
Strategic Projects
Squeeze competitors out
Decentralization
Marketing campaign
Global purchasing
Supplier tie-ins
Customer tie-ins
Tactical Projects
Automate warehouse
Out source distribution
Refurbish buildings
Land acquisition
Introduce hand-held data recording
devices
Develop a company Intranet
Operational Projects
Managing the status quo
Authority defined by management
structure
Consistent set of tasks
Responsible for own function
Permanent organizational structure
Tasks – maintenance
Limited set of variables
Success – achieves interim targets
General Management
Responsible for overseeing change
Lines of authority fuzzy
Ever-changing set of tasks
Responsibilities cross functional tasks
Operates in structures for project life
Innovation
Main task to resolve conflict
Success – achieving stated end goals
Intrinsically uncertain
Project Management
Why is this important ?
A way of linking projects directly to the goals and strategy of
an organization
What is a company trying to achieve by this approach?
Identify Projects that Meet Strategic Needs
Support organizational goals
Direct organizational improvement
Enhance/enable key products or processes
Prioritize Potential Projects
Ensure not too many projects are running at the same time
Identify high risk projects
Balance short, medium, long-term returns
Reduce number of Projects approved for the wrong reasons
Project Initiation/Startup
TQM:
Quality culture throughout the organization
Affects all aspects of the way the organization does business
Must come from, and be championed from, the top
PERT/CPM
Critical Path
2
C=3
A=6
3 H=2 6
1 D=4 4
B=4
E=3
G=3
F=10 5
An alternative diagrammatic form for information
contained in a PERT
chart.
Tasks are indicated by a strip whose length is determined
by the duration
of the task.
Tasks are lined up vertically in earliest start time order.
This is a contemporary process to PERT which for may
years was done
by managers using strips of paper moving along boards
with slots in
them.
Gantt charts have the advantage of allowing a manager to
see effects
like Peak Loading, and examine ‘what-if’ situations on
Gantt Charts
moving tasks to
different dates.
• Draw the following Gantt chart
Tasks Precedence Time
a - 5 days
b - 4 days
c a 6 days
d b 2 days
e b 5 days
Gantt Charts
f c,d 8 days
WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4
Task a
Task b
Task c
Task d
Task e
Task f
Gantt Charts