TECHNOLOGY AS A PACKAGE

FOR
EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER:
Agriculture: in the state sector

Dr. C. Kudagamage
Director General of Agriculture
Department of Agriculture
Over View of the presentation
• Present status of Agriculture in Sri Lanka
• State involvement in Agriculture
• Technology generation in Agriculture
• Technology transfer- methods adapted
• Success stories on technology transfer
systems.
• New extension model for effective and
efficient technology transfer.
 Reduction of Agriculture Share (1950 - 2007)
12 %
34% 46% 40% 3 1%

20% 29% 58% 30%

1950 1977 2007

Agriculture Industry Service Agriculture Industry Service Agriculture Industry Service
GDP Share

• Share of agriculture sector Sector 1950 1977 2007

significantly declined in the economy
Agriculture 46 31 12
• Slow growth of total agriculture
output resulted for this reduction Industry 20 29 30

Service 34 40 58
*Source. Central Bank Report 2007, Table no - 01
 Food Imports – 2007
More concentration on few agricultural imports
Potential to purchase lower food imports

Category Rs. million

Sugar
Sugar 17,055
Other 15%
Milk & Milk
Products 20,688
33% Milk & Milk
Wheat/ Flour 230 Products
Fish Products 12,015 18%
Other 37,603
Total 87,591

Fish Wheat/ flour

Products 23%
11%

*Source. Central Bank Report 2007, Table no - 78

 Exports of Agriculture Products

Sharp reduction of Agriculture exports share

High dependency on plantation crops
Need to diversify products and markets

Recent Trends
Historical Trend 2006 2000 1995 Change
Agriculture exports
to Total Exports
Total Agri.
Products
1950 94%
(US $ Bn) 1.29 1.08 0.83 55%
1970 92% (Rs Bn) 134.5 76.3 42.5 316%

1980 62%
O/w Tea (%) 68% 39% 59%
1990 36%
Tea+Rubber+ 84% 85% 84% -
2000 18% Coconut
Agri./Total 19% 18% 22% 3%
2006 19%
Exports(%)
Labour Force in Agriculture Sector
* During last decade, labour force in the agriculture sector remain more
or less constant.
* Significant increase can be seen in labour force participated in
services and industrial sectors.
Labour Force Participation ‘000

Increase
Sector/ Year 2007** 2006** 2000 1995
%

Agriculture 2,202 2,287 2,274 1,967 12

Industry 1,874 1,890 1,491 1,188 58

Services 2,966 2,928 2,545 2,202 35

*Source. Central Bank Report 2007, Table no - 57

**Data excluded both Northern and Eastern provinces
Vision of Agriculture Sector

Sector contributing to regionally equitable economic

growth, rural livelihood improvement and food
security through efficient production of commodities
for consumption, for agro based industries and for
exporting competitively to the word market.
 Government Ministries connected with
Technology Generation & Dissemination
• Ministry of Agriculture Development & agrarian Services
• Ministry of Plantation Industries
• Ministry of Supplementary Plantation Crops Development
• Ministry of Livestock development
• Ministry of Fisheries and aquatic resources
• Ministry of Science & Technology
• Ministry of Enterprise development and investment promotion
• Ministry of Industrial Development
• Ministry of Rural industries and self employment
• Ministry of mass media & information
• Ministry of Export development &investment promotion
• Ministry of Education
• Ministry of Irrigation
• Ministry of Coconut Development
 Establishment of Major Research Institutes

• Rubber research institute - 1910

• Tea research institute - 1925
• Coconut research institute - 1928
• Sugarcane research institute - 1984
• Rice research & development institute - 1994
• Horticulture research & development institute - 1994
• Field crop research & development institute - 1994
• Fruit crop research & development centre - 2001
• Veterinary research institute – 1967

Note:
DOA (1912), DEA (1972), Botanical Gardens (2005)
Mandated crops of DOA
• Rice
• Vegetables
• Fruits
• Root and Tuber (Sweet potato, manioc…)
• Coarse grains (Maize, Kurakkan…)
• Grain legumes (Green gram, Black gram…)
• Oil seeds (Ground nut, Sesame…)
• Condiments (Chilli, Onion… )
• Flowers and Ornamentals
 Agriculture Department Involvement in
Technology Generation
Major Areas concerned
1. Introducing New crop varieties and cultivars
2. Technology for planting matter production
3. Hi tech agriculture- Micro irrigation, Protected houses
4. Introducing Agriculture machineries
5. Technology for post harvest & value addition of agriculture
commodities
6. Technology for pest and disease management
7. Technology for integrated plant nutrient management
8. Introducing agro technology packages
 Organizational Structure – Central Department of Agriculture

Director General

D D D D D D D D
(Ad) (Fin) (HORDI) (RRDI) (FCRDI) (E&T) (SCSPP & SPM) (SEPC)

DD (Ext) DD (Exam) DD
DD (Education)
(Education) DD (Communication) DD
DD (AgEdis)
(AgEdis)

ADA: ADA
ADA (IP) ADA : Farmer
Three in-service
Ampara institutes Four Broadcasting
Anuradhapura Agriculture Service
Polonnaruwa Schools
Hambanthota ADA ADA
Monaragala Farm Mechanization Audio Visual
Kandy & Training Centre Centre

ADA
•D -Director Information Centre
•SEPC- Socio Economic & Planning Centre YFS, Mobile Service
•DD- Deputy Director
•Ad – Administration ADA
•ADA – Assistant Director of Agriculture Exhibitions &
•HORDI – Horticulture Res & Dev Institute Technical Unit
•FCRDI – Field Crop Res & Dev Institute
•AgEdis- Agriculture Enterprises Development Crevice ADA
•Fin – Finance Agriculture
Press
•RRDI – Rice Res & Dev Institute
•E & T – Extension & Training Division
•SCSPP & SPM – Seed Certification Service, Plant Protection and Seed &
Planting Material Division
Organizational Structure – Provincial Department of Agriculture

Chief Secretary

Secretary
(Agriculture)

Provincial Director
(Agriculture)

Deputy Provincial Director

Assistant Director of Agriculture

Deputy Director
/ Assistant Director of Agriculture
District

Subject Matter Officer

ADA (Segment)

Subject Matter Officer

Agriculture Instructor
 Different Methods Adapted
in Technology Transfer
1. Print media – books, news paper supplements, news
letters, hand outs, posters, brochures
2. Electronic media
3. Agro technology parks
4. Use of information technology- Cyber extension, DOA
website, Interactive CD Roms ,
5. Toll free service –(1920)
6. Field days- Extension research dialogs
7. Information days, Exhibitions
Print Media
 Publications
 Advisory books,
booklets,
posters, leaflets,
journals,…
 Newspaper
Supplements
1. Diwaina
2. Lankadeepa
3. Dinamina
4. Lakbima
5. Thinakaran
Television Programmes
 Mihikatha Dinuwo (Rupavahini
Friday 6.45 p.m
 Govibimata Arunalu (Rupavahini)
Sunday 6.00 p.m
 Rividina Arunalla (Rupawahini)
Sunday 7.30 a.m
 Radio Programmes
About 350 no of
programs/month Radio Services
1. Swadeshiya sevaya
2. Welanda sewaya
3. Lakhanda
4. Tamil Radio Service
5. Kandurata sevaya
6. Kotmale sevaya
7. Rajarata sevaya
8. Rangiri FM
9. Ruhunu sevaya
 Techno park - Gannoruwa

The total no of visitors in year 2007

205,000
Techno park
Bataatha
IRRI
• To train farmers
• Self learning electronic book
• Distance learning for 9000 (ARPAs)
Web Site - www.agridept.gov.lk
 Toll Free advisory service

Answers for your Agro

1920 related issues

Dial

1920
 Any phone
 Any location
 From 8 am to 4 pm
 First 3 minutes free

“Govi Sahana Sarana”

Toll free Advisory service

AVC- Dept. of Agriculture Peradeniya

Information days
Exhibitions
Street drama “Veedi Natya”
 Effective Technology Transfer
Success Stories
• Technology Packages Designed for Crop
production systems
eg. 1. Saruketha yaya program – for Paddy
Average yield of paddy in Sri Lanka- 4.5mt/ha
Yield under saruketha yaya – 6.5 mt/ha

2. Technology package for maize

With hybrid seeds, better inputs, credit &
Marketing
 (GAP)
“Concentrated and well-focused holistic
thrust on high potential areas”

Aim of Saru ketha yaya Program

•To increase average yield of paddy up to
5.2mt/ha, achieving 6.5 mt/ha of maximum
potential yield in the favorable rice growing
environment with recommended high
yield technical package
• To motivate farmers to pay 50% value of
seeds and Fertilizer, balance 50% by
government which ultimately contribute to
initiate the revolving fund
•6.5 -6.7 mt/ha average yield obtained
 Rice Production ‘Yaya’ Approach
Package of Cultural
Input supply Practices

Farmer group /Tract

(20Ha)
Decision making
• High yields & Action  Quality seeds
 Weed and insect
• Technical Social management
compatibility  Soil fertility
• High Adoption management
 Results of Yaya approach
 The evaluation program conducted by Socio economic and planning
center.
 Sample size- 80 farmers in districts of
• Polonnaruwa,Hambantota, and Anuradhapura.
Criteria Sample Average

GAP Non GAP Difference

Farmer Farmer

1. Average Yield (Kg/ha) 5990 5330 660

2. Gross income (Rs/ha) 93567 78648 14919

3. Profit including imputed cost (Rs/ha) 34938 19959 14979

4. Profit excluding imputed cost (Rs/ha) 58206 41223 16983

5. Unit cost including imputed cost (Rs/kg) 9.78 11.09 1.31

6. Unit cost excluding imputed cost (Rs/kg 5.91 7.08 1.17

*Survey Conducted at 2006 Yala season

 Special Technology Package
Developed for Maize
 In Anuradhapura District

 Institutions and organizations involved

• Public institutes: Provincial Agriculture department
(A’pura), Dept. of Agriculture, Agrarian service
department, Central bank, Divisional secretariats.

 Private sector involved in

• Supplying Hybrid seeds, agro chemicals.
• Supplying of Credit, crop insurance ,Marketing.
 Reason for success
• Proper coordination with in public sector, private
sector organizations an farmers
• Use and timely supply of hybrid seeds and
quality inputs.
• Timely cultivation
• Technical assistance when ever needed by DOA
and field staff of private sector organizations.
• Credit facilities, crop insurance facilities.
• Contract growing system.
 Achievements
Compared to 2004/05 Maha in Anuradhapura District

2004/05 2007/08 Increase

Maha Maha
Extent -ha 9591 19839 107%

Average yield 1.5 3.5 120%

mt/ha
Production 14386 69437 380%
mt
 Recommendation for effective
technology transfer system
1. Promotion of demand driven farmer accountable extension.
2. Improve participatory technology development through better
research and extension linkage.
3. Use of information communication technologies in extension.
4. Farmer based organization for self-employment generation, input
supply and marketing.
5. Empower farmers through establishing revolving funds encouraging
savings micro-financing, bulk purchasing etc.
6. Training of farmers through participatory approaches such as farmer
field school to understand and solve problems under real farm
situation.
7. Introduce new technologies such as information days, crop clinics
and agriculture campaigns.
8. Establish accounting system to monitor impact of technologies.