Data Management:

One-Way Analysis
of Variance
E N A J E, S H A N A M A R I S SE E . M AG POC , M AV ERI C K M .
L A BAO, J E R Z ET H K AT E A . R OX A S, R I A F R A NC ESC A M .
4-BIO9
 Problem Set A
A marine biologist in charge of four marine reserves located on a small
island noticed that one of the marine reserves (Area ‘A’) was twice the size
of the other areas (‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’). Considering that all other aspects of the
marine reserves were equal except for size, the biologist wanted to find
out if the size of the marine reserve had an effect on the
overall size of fish species living within them. To test this, he
designated a single fish species Acanthurus olivaceous as the test species,
and collected 10 specimens of this fish in each of the four marine reserves.
He measured each fish (cm) and tabulated the data below.
 Problem Set A

Area A: (78, 88, 87, 88, 83, 82, 81, 80, 80, 89)
Area B: (78, 78, 83, 81, 78, 81, 81, 82, 76, 76)
Area C: (79, 73, 79, 75, 77, 78, 80, 78, 83, 84)
Area D: (77, 69, 75, 70, 74, 83, 80, 75, 76, 75)
 One-Way Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA)
Determines whether there are any statistically
significant differences between the means of
three or more independent groups

Multiple samples are compared but only one

factor is involved
 Objectives
To be able to learn some of the
principles and techniques of data
management

To be able to familiarize one’s self with

the use of the computer and
spreadsheet
 Hypotheses
Ho: The area of the marine reserves has
no effect on the size of the fish.

HA: The area of the marine reserves

affects the size of the fish
 One-Way ANOVA
Compares the means of three or more groups
or categories based on one independent
variable.
 Why ANOVA?
 Data has four groups or categories.
 Only one independent variable is involved
(size of marine reserve).
 Data is not ordinal.
 Asks if the independent variable affects the
dependent variable (fish size).
 Why not other methods?
Data shows no ranking
◦ Mann-Whitney U Test
◦ Kruskal-Wallis H Test
◦ Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient
Data has three or more groups of data
◦ t-test
◦ z-test
◦ chi-square test
◦ Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
 Why not other methods?
Data has only one independent variable
◦ Two-Way ANOVA
 A B C D

78 78 79 77

88 78 73 69

87 83 79 75

88 81 75 70

83 78 77 74

82 81 78 83

81 81 80 80

80 82 78 75

80 76 83 76

89 76 84 75
X
83.6 79.4 78.6 75.4
x̅
79.25
Conclusion:
 Tukey’s Method
method used in which the difference
between pairs of mean is determined

it utilizes studentized range distribution

table or q table
 Formula
√𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑤
ω = 𝑞𝛼 (𝑘, 𝑑𝑓2 )
√𝑛

The value of ω will serve as a basis whether a pair of

mean differs.
If the mean is greater than the computed value of ω,
then if differs
𝑞0.05 (3,36)

Since there is no value of 𝑑𝑓2 = 36 in the

table, interpolation method should be
done
𝑞0.05 (3,36
)
Substitute the 𝑞0.05 (3,36) value to the
tukey formula with the calculated value of
MSE and n

ω
ω
Mean differences

Since 𝑋ത𝐴𝐵 , 𝑋ത𝐴𝐶 , 𝑋ത𝐴𝐷 , 𝑋ത𝐵𝐷, 𝑋ത𝐶𝐷 resulted to a mean

difference greater than 1.95, then their means differ
 Conclusion
The area of the marine
reserves affects the size of
the fish.