 A man is identified by his personality – public image.

 It is the totality of the person and not merely external

looks, but character, behavioral traits and attitude towards
life.
 Personality development – is the improvement of
behavioral traits such as communication skills,
interpersonal relationships, attitude towards life and
restoring our ethics.
Personal development is a
lifelong process. It's a way for
people to assess their skills and
qualities, consider their aims in
life and set goals in order to
realize and maximize their
potential.
 DOMAINS
ERSONAL DEVELOPMEN
Physical
Physicaldevelopment
development is the process
that starts in human infancy and
continues into late adolescent
concentrating on gross and fine motor
skills as well as puberty.
Physical
development involves developing
control over the body, particularly
muscles and physical coordination.
Cognitive Development
In other words, cognitive
development is the emergence of the
ability to think and understand. A large
portion of research has gone into
understanding how a child imagines
the world. Jean Piaget was a major
force in the establishment of this field,
forming his "theory of cognitive
development".
Psychosocial development the
development of the personality, i
ncluding the acquisition of
social attitudes and skills,
from infancy through maturity.
 INFLUENCES
ON
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
HEREDITARY
Inborn traits passed on by the
generations of offspring from
both sides of the biological
parents’ families;
ENVIRONMENT
The world outside of ourselves
and the experiences that
result from out contact and
interaction with external word
MATURATION
 the emergence of personal and
behavioral characteristics through
growth processes
 the stage or process of attaining
maximal development; attainment of
maximal intellectual and emotional
development
 PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
VS.
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENTT
Personality refers to individual
differences in characteristic patterns of
thinking, feeling and behaving.
 the set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc.,
that makes a person different from other people
 attractive qualities (such as energy, friendliness, and
humor) that make a person interesting or pleasant to be
with
 attractive qualities that make something unusual or
interesting
PERSONAL
 belonging or relating to a particular person
 made or designed to be used by one person
 used to describe someone whose job involves working
for or helping a particular person
DEVELOPMENT
 the action or process of developing
 the process of growth and
differentiation by which the
potentialities of a zygote, spore, or
embryo are realized
 the gradual advance through
evolutionary stages : evolution.
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
The process in which persons reflect upon themselves,
understand who they are, accept what they are, accept
what they discover about themselves, and learn or
unlearn new sets of values, attitudes, behavior and
thinking skills to reach their fullest potential as human
beings.
“the process od striving to be the
best that you can be in order to
reach and realize you full potential.
It is a journey of self-discovery, self-
improvement, and self-realization”
-Zorka Hereford (9 Essential Life Skills – A Guide for
Personal Development and Self Realization)
 ORIGINS OF
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
THEORY OF
EVOLUTION
RELIGION
PSYCHOLOGY
AND
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOLOGY AS FOUNDATION OF
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Psychology is the study of behavior
and mind, embracing all aspects of
conscious and unconscious experience as
well as thought. It is an academic discipline
and a social science which seeks to
understand individuals and groups by
establishing general principles and
researching specific cases.
Humanistic psychology
is a psychological perspective that
emphasizes the study of the whole
person. Humanistic psychologists look at
human behavior not only through the eyes
of the observer, but through the eyes of the
person doing the behaving.
 PROPONENTS OF
HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGY

ABRAHAM MASLOW (HEIRARCHY OF

NEEDS)
CARL ROGERS (PSYCHOTHERAPY
PRACTICE)
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
was a humanistic psychologist who agreed
with the main assumptions of Abraham
Maslow, but added that for a person to
"grow", they need an environment that
provides them with genuineness (openness
and self-disclosure), acceptance (being
seen with unconditional positive regard), and
empathy (being listened to and understood).
Rogers believed that every person can achieve their
goals, wishes and desires in life. When, or rather if
they did so, self actualization took place.
“INDIVIDUAL has within himself the capacity and
tendency, latent if not evident, to move forward
toward maturity.
Positive Psychology is the
scientific study of the strengths that
enable individuals and communities to
thrive. “positive psychology stresses
that human nature has its good and
positive strengths, as well as it
inadequacies and weaknesses”.
“ The field is founded on the belief that
people want to lead meaningful and
fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best
within themselves, and to enhance their
experiences of love, work, and play”
-Positive Psychology
Center (University of Pennsylvania)
 PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT IN
ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
the period following the onset of
puberty during which a young person
develops from a child into an adult
EARLY ADOLESCENCE – 10 – 13 YEARS OF AGE
MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE – 14 – 16 YEARS OF AGE
LATE ADOLESCENCE – 17 – 20 YEARS OF AGE
• Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation
and discovery.
• The transitional period can bring up issues of
independence and self-identity; many adolescents
and their peers face tough choices regarding
schoolwork, sexuality, drugs, alcohol, and social
life.
• Peer groups, romantic interests, and external
appearance tend to naturally increase in
importance for some time during a teen's journey
toward adulthood.
Psychosocial development the
development of the personality, i
ncluding the acquisition of
social attitudes and skills,
from infancy through maturity.
 INFLUENCES
ON
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
HEREDITARY
Inborn traits passed on by the
generations of offspring from
both sides of the biological
parents’ families;
ENVIRONMENT
The world outside of ourselves
and the experiences that
result from out contact and
interaction with external word
MATURATION
 the emergence of personal and
behavioral characteristics through
growth processes
 the stage or process of attaining
maximal development; attainment of
maximal intellectual and emotional
development
 PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
VS.
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENTT
Personality refers to individual
differences in characteristic patterns of
thinking, feeling and behaving.
 the set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc.,
that makes a person different from other people
 attractive qualities (such as energy, friendliness, and
humor) that make a person interesting or pleasant to be
with
 attractive qualities that make something unusual or
interesting
 Know your
personality

Character
Behavioral Attitudinal
traits traits Change

Interpersonal Positive
Integrity Skills Attitude

Communication Win-win
Acceptance Skills situation

Keep the
Leadership
Discipline end in
Qualities
mind

Dedication Stress and Time

Synergize
management
 TYPES OF PERSONALITY
Nine Types
 Perfectionists
 Helpers
 Romantics
 Achievers
 Asserters
 Questioners
 Adventurers
 Observers and
 Peacemakers.
 Cont..
Perfectionists – are realistic, conscientious and
principled
Helpers – are warn, concerned, nurturing and sensitive to
other people’s needs
Achievers – are eneagetic, optimistic, self assured and
goal oriented
Romantics – are eneagetic, optimistic, self assured and
goal oriented
Observers – have a need for knowledge and are
introverted, curious, analytical and insightful.
 Cont..
Questioners – are responsible and trustworthy.

Adventurers – are energetic, lively and optimistic. They want

to contribute to the world

Asserters – are direct, self-reliant, self confident and protective.

Peacemakers – are receptive, good-natured and supportive.

They seek union with others and the world around them
 It can help in the following ways
 To learn the business etiquette of exchanging cards,
wishing on first meeting, bowing when you are visiting
Japan and the like.
 Voice modulation, diction, communication skills,
phone etiquette, hygiene, empowerment skills, time
management and positive thinking.
 To cultivate a friendly, interactive manner. Essentials
like giving a speech, voice development and
modulation of voice.
 It enhances the sense of confidence and self-worth.
 PERSONALITY TEST
This can identify:
 Value system
 Emotional reaction to a critical situation
 Moods and characteristic behaviour traits.
 Maturity in handling a crisis.
 Ability to adjust himself to the stress of day-to-day
executive lifestyle.
 Self-confidence, personal ambition, emotional control
and sociability etc.
 BODY LANGUAGE
Body language communicates
much more than words. Body
language signals are called
‘leakages’ because you may try to
tell something, but the truth will
leak out visually.
AVOID SUCH BODY LANGUAGE
 Crossed arms or legs
 Carrying books or papers across your chest
 Slumped posture
 Sitting perched on the edge of the chair
 Wringing hands
 Tapping foot
 Rocking legs
 Drumming fingers
 Biting nails
 Cont..
 Fiddling with the jewelry or hair
 Covering your mouth with your hand while talking
 Rocking in your chair
 Scratching a lot
 Clearing your throat too much
 Straightening your tie
 Playing with watch or cufflinks
 Hands in the pocket
 LOOKING AGGRESSIVE
 Arms folded across the chest
 Staring
 Pointing
 Making a fist
 Leaning over someone
 BEHAVING RUDELY
 Working when someone is talking to you
 Puffing
 Tollering
 Smirking
 Whispering
 Cracking knuckles
 Grooming yourself’
 Standing too close
 Packing up folders and papers well before the meeting is
over
 Shaking hands too hard or limp handshakes
 Cont..
 Yawning when the meeting is in progress
 Looking at your watch repeatedly
 Blinking a lot
 Fiddling with rings, watches, earrings and chains
 Tapping or clicking pens
 Playing with paper clips
 Jingling money in pocket
 Picking at fingernails
 Twiddling bits of hair
 Smoking
 LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
 Courage
 Self-control
 A keen sense of justice and fairness
 Definiteness of plans
 The habit of doing more than being paid for
 A pleasing personality
 Sympathy and understanding
 Mastery of details
 Willingness to assume full responsibility
 Co-operation
 PERSONAL QUALITIES
 accurate
 adaptable
 astute
 can work under pressure
 careful
 committed
 competent
 cooperative
 courteous
 Cont..
 decisive
 dedicated
 energetic
 methodical
 meticulous
 orderly
 organized
 positive
 practical
 Cont..
 extrovert
 flexible
 friendly
 get on well with other people
 good communicator
 good sense of humour
 good time-keeper
 hard working
 imaginative
 Cont..
 independent worker
 lively
 logical
 loyal
 self confident
 self motivated
 sensitive
 thorough
 thoughtful
 vigilant
 work well with others
 Determinants of personality

Family &
Biological factors Cultural factors Situational factors
Social factors

1. Heredity 1.Socialisation process

(Behaviour from family &
social group)
1. Independence- Australia
1.Positive behaviour
2. Brain
2. Identification process 2.Negative behaviour
3. Physical features 2. Aggression- North Korea
( Selecting ideal person)
3. Competition- India
3. Home environment
(Brought up)
4. Co-operation- Japan
4.Social Group.
 Holland’s Personality-Job Fit Theory
Type Personality Occupations
Mechanic, Farmer,
Realistic Shy, Stable, Practical
Assembly-Line Worker

Biologist, Economist,
Investigative Analytical, Independent
Mathematician

Social Worker,
Social Sociable, Cooperative
Teacher, Counselor

Accountant, Manager
Conventional Practical, Efficient
Bank Teller

Enterprising Ambitious, Energetic Lawyer, Salesperson

Painter, Writer,
Artistic Imaginative, Idealistic
Musician
Prentice Hall, 2001 62
 Type A and B
Type A Personality Type B Personality
•Always moving,
walking, and eating
rapidly.
•Feel impatient with the
rate at which most
events take place.
•Strive to think or do
two or more things at
once.
•Cannot cope with
leisure time.
•Are obsessed with
numbers, measuring
their success in terms
of how many or how
much of everything
they acquire.
•Never suffer from a
sense of time urgency
with its accompanying
impatience.
•Feel no need to
display or discuss
either their
achievements or
accomplishments
unless such exposure
is demanded by the
situation.
•Play for fun &
relaxation, instead of
exhibit their superiority
at any cost.
Can relax without guilt.
 Big 5 in Short…
Personality Factors Characters

1. Conscientiousness Careful, dependable and

self disciplined

2. Agreeableness Courteous, good natured,

empathic and caring.

3. Neuroticism Poised, secure and calm.

4. Openness Sensitive, flexible, creative and

curious.

5. Extroversion Outgoing and cautious.

PERSONAL
 belonging or relating to a particular person
 made or designed to be used by one person
 used to describe someone whose job involves working
for or helping a particular person
DEVELOPMENT
 the action or process of developing
 the process of growth and
differentiation by which the
potentialities of a zygote, spore, or
embryo are realized
 the gradual advance through
evolutionary stages : evolution.
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
The process in which persons reflect upon themselves,
understand who they are, accept what they are, accept
what they discover about themselves, and learn or
unlearn new sets of values, attitudes, behavior and
thinking skills to reach their fullest potential as human
beings.
“the process of striving to be the best
that you can be in order to reach and
realize you full potential. It is a
journey of self-discovery, self-
improvement, and self-realization”
-Zorka Hereford (9 Essential Life Skills – A Guide for
Personal Development and Self Realization)
 ORIGINS OF
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
THEORY OF
EVOLUTION
RELIGION
PSYCHOLOGY
AND
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOLOGY AS FOUNDATION OF
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Psychology is the study of behavior
and mind, embracing all aspects of
conscious and unconscious experience as
well as thought. It is an academic discipline
and a social science which seeks to
understand individuals and groups by
establishing general principles and
researching specific cases.
Humanistic psychology
is a psychological perspective that
emphasizes the study of the whole
person. Humanistic psychologists look at
human behavior not only through the eyes
of the observer, but through the eyes of the
person doing the behaving.
 PROPONENTS OF
HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGY

ABRAHAM MASLOW (HEIRARCHY OF

NEEDS)
CARL ROGERS (PSYCHOTHERAPY
PRACTICE)
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
was a humanistic psychologist who agreed
with the main assumptions of Abraham
Maslow, but added that for a person to
"grow", they need an environment that
provides them with genuineness (openness
and self-disclosure), acceptance (being
seen with unconditional positive regard), and
empathy (being listened to and understood).
Rogers believed that every person can achieve their
goals, wishes and desires in life. When, or rather if
they did so, self actualization took place.
“INDIVIDUAL has within himself the capacity and
tendency, latent if not evident, to move forward
toward maturity.
Positive Psychology is the
scientific study of the strengths that
enable individuals and communities to
thrive. “positive psychology stresses
that human nature has its good and
positive strengths, as well as it
inadequacies and weaknesses”.
“ The field is founded on the belief that
people want to lead meaningful and
fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best
within themselves, and to enhance their
experiences of love, work, and play”
-Positive Psychology
Center (University of Pennsylvania)
 PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT IN
ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
the period following the onset of
puberty during which a young person
develops from a child into an adult
EARLY ADOLESCENCE – 10 – 13 YEARS OF AGE
MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE – 14 – 16 YEARS OF AGE
LATE ADOLESCENCE – 17 – 20 YEARS OF AGE
• Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation
and discovery.
• The transitional period can bring up issues of
independence and self-identity; many
adolescents and their peers face tough choices
regarding schoolwork, sexuality, drugs, alcohol,
and social life.
• Peer groups, romantic interests, and external
appearance tend to naturally increase in
importance for some time during a teen's journey
toward adulthood.
Personal Hygiene
 Hygiene

From the Greek word “hygies”

(Hygiea- Goddess of Health)

Meaning
“healthy, sound”
Hygiene
 Hygiene is a set of practices
performed for the preservation of
health. According to the World
Health Organization (WHO),
"Hygiene refers to conditions and
practices that help to maintain
health and prevent the spread of
diseases."
Hygiene – Common elements
 Personal hygiene
 Environmental hygiene

Environmental
Personal hygiene
hygiene
Personal hygiene - Definition
 Personal hygiene may be
described as the principle of
maintaining cleanliness and
grooming of the external body.
REMEMBER!
Failure to keep up a standard of
hygiene can have many
implications. Not only is there
an increased risk of getting an
infection or illness, but there
are many social and
psychological aspects that can
be affected.
What is Personal Hygiene?
Regular Routine of Personal Care
Washing and Grooming of
 Hair
 Face and Skin
 Teeth
 Ears
 Hands
 Nails
 Feet
 Hair
 Hair is made of dead cells.
 Hair is important because it brings oil to the
surface of the skin.
 Hair helps warm the body by trapping a layer of
air next to the scalp.
 Hair Care Tips
• Wash regularly with shampoo. Rinse hair
thoroughly with clear water after
shampooing to remove all the soap
• Don't scrub or rub too hard . It may
irritate your scalp or damage your hair.
 Massage your scalp well. It will remove dead skin
cells, excess oil and dirt
 Brush hair daily
 Wash combs and brushes frequently
 Don’t share combs, brushes etc.
Why Brush Your Hair?
 Brushing helps keep the scalp clean by loosening and
removing dust and dead cells.
 It also adds shine
Hair & Scalp problems
Dandruff

Head lice

Splitting and breaking

 Dandruff
 A flaking of the outer layer of
dead skin cells on the scalp.
This condition is usually
caused by dry skin. There is no
cure for dandruff, but it can be
controlled with special
shampoos.
Head Lice
 Parasitic insects that live on
the hair shaft and cause
itching.
 Lice can’t fly or jump from
person to person, but they
are easy to catch from other
people.
Avoiding and Treating Head Lice
Don’t share:
 Combs, brushes, hats ,barrettes or other hair things,
headphones
 Use special shampoo and wash your hair immediately.
 Any linens and clothes you have used should be
washed in hot water or
dry-cleaned.
Splitting & Breaking
Too much heat can cause the
layered cells of your hair to
split apart and even break off.
Wind, chlorine, chemical
treatments, and permanent
hair dye can weaken hair in the
same way.
If you put your hair in a
ponytail , use a coated
rubber band or soft cloth
hair band.
Noncushioned or
uncovered elastic bands can
cause severe breakage.
SKIN
 The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total
area of about 20 square feet. The skin protects us
from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body
temperature, and permits the sensations of touch,
heat, and cold.
 Functions of Skin

Protection.
Vitamin D formation
Temperature control
Water resistance
Excretion
Layers of the Skin
Three layers of skin
 Epidermis - Outer most layer of skin. Cells in the
epidermis make melanin
 Dermis - Inner layer of skin which contains
blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat
glands, and oil glands
 Hypodermis – fat and connective tissue
 Common Skin problems
 Bad odor

 Acne
 Body odor
Perspiration itself doesn’t smell. However, during
sweating, another liquid called apocrine is also
secreted. When apocrine combines with the bacteria
naturally present on the skin, odor results
Bad odor is Caused by
 Poor hygiene
 Foods such as onions and garlic
 Acne
Acne is created when oil from the oil glands
mix with the dead cells and plug up the hair
follicles in the skin it creates a “whitehead.”
A “blackhead” is when the air touches the
plug, the plug turns black
 What makes acne worse?

 Oil-based makeup, suntan oil, hair jells and spray.

 For girls, menstruation
 For Boys it may get worse because they have more
skin oil.
 Squeezing or picking at blemishes
 Hard scrubbing of the skin
Skin Care Tips
 Daily baths or showers
using soap and scrubbing
the entire body with a
washcloth Do not need to
scrub violently.
 The use antiperspirants
decreases perspiration and
cover odor with a manly
smell
…Cont
 Wash the face two times a day
with a mild soap or gentle
cleanser. It is best to
 Use lotions only if needed, and
use ones that are oil-free and
water-based.
 Try to stay out of the sun, and
use a sunscreen every day during
summer and winter.
 Skin Care Tips
 If possible, bathe or shower after
exercise – especially after
sweating
 Wear clean clothes
 Reduce stress levels which
irritates the skin
 Maintain a healthy diet
Skin Care Tips
 Keep oily hair away from your
skin
 Avoid touching acne except
when washing
 Don’t squeeze or pick the
pimples
 Try to avoid touching the face.
 Keep hands clean by washing
them often.
 Wear sunscreen and
reapply it every hour.
 Drink plenty of fluids.
 Protect yourself from
UV Rays
TEETH
 the most distinctive (and long-lasting) features
of mammal species.
 Humans, like other mammals, are diphyodont,
meaning that they develop two sets of teeth. The first
set "deciduous" (baby teeth). And the 2nd set is the
permanent teeth
Functions of Teeth
Chew food thoroughly
Speak clearly
Give shape and structure
to your mouth
Structure of teeth
Enamel (top)
The hard material on the outer surface of the tooth.
Dentin (middle)
Below the enamel – the bonelike material that
surrounds the sensitive inner parts of the tooth.
Pulp (inside)
Tissue that contains nerve endings and blood vessels.
 Dental problems
Dental problems are caused by the activity of certain
types of oral bacteria
Other causes:
Tongue not cleaned
Food stuck in teeth
Sinus problems
Stomach problems
 Dental Problems
 Halitosis
 Tooth decay
 Plaque
 Tartar
 Periodontal Disease
How to avoid Dental problems
 Daily dental hygiene routine that
consist of brushing for 2-4
minutes and flossing
 I f possible, brush after every
meal or rinse your mouth with
warm water.
 Use a soft-bristled brush.
 Brushing & Flossing

 Replace your toothbrush every 2-3

months or after an illness.
 Use toothpaste that contains
fluoride.
 Flossing removes food trapped
between your teeth and gum lines
that rinsing and brushing miss.
 Dental care
 Eat at least 5 servings of fruits
and vegetables each day.
 Include foods that contain
calcium, such as milk and
yogurt.
 Limit intake of sugar.
 See a dentist every 6 months
 Ears
 Wash ears daily with a wash cloth don’t forget
behind the ears
 Do not use Q tips in ears it will smash the ear
wax deep into the ear canal
Usually Ear wax is usually removed when
you chew food or gum
Hands
 HAND HYGIENE
 First, wet hands and apply liquid or clean bar of
soap.
 Next, rub your hands together and scrub all
surfaces (palms, fingers, and in between).
 Continue for 10-15 seconds. Soap combined with
the scrubbing action that helps remove germs.
 Rinse well and dry your hands.
 Nails and cuticles
The part of the nail that can be seen and
touched is composed of dead cells. Thin skin-like
layer at the base of each nail is called cuticle .A
non-living band of tissue.
 Nails protect the sensitive tip of our fingers and
toes.
 Without proper care they can become weak,
ingrown or infected.
Nail Care
 Keep nails trim but do not cut nails shorter than skin
level.
 Keep nails clean.
 Round your fingernails slightly when trimming them.
 Cut toe nails straight across.
 Smooth rough nail edges with a file or emery board.
Cuticles Care
 Clean and soften your hands in warm water.
 To keep your cuticles neat, push them back after
soaking your hands, while they are soft.
 You may also use cuticle remover , a chemical that
dissolves the cuticle
 Feet Care
Large collection of sweat glands live in our feet
 Wash your feet well at least once a day.
 Dry them carefully, especially between the toes.
 Keep feet and skin clean and dry
 Change socks daily
 Avoid walking barefoot in public areas
Make Hygiene part of your daily routine