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Chapter 4: 1-2
Essential Questions:
1. Identify the major city-states in
Greece and their contributions to
Western civilization.
2. Compare and Contrast the results
of the Persian and Peloponnesian
Wars with regard to Athens.
Geography of Early Mountains and seas
make it difficult for
Greece Greece to become a
unified empire.
Seas also provided a
link for to the outside
world through trade
Greeks had city-
states called the polis
with an acropolis or
high city on a hilltop
temples
Often surrounded by
a wall.
Minoans (1750BC-1500BC)
Named for King Minos
of Crete, the
civilization was based
on trade not conquest.
Traded with Egypt and
Mesopotamia
Palace at Knossos:
Shows evidence of
matriarchal society and
athletic contests
1400BC civilizations
disappears: natural
disasters and invaders
possible.
Mycenaean Life and Culture
(1400BC-1200BC)
Indo-European invaders
creating the first Greek state.
Sea traders with City-states
ruled by warrior kings
Trojan War 1250 BC:
Trade conflict between Mycenae
and Troy over a strait, narrow
water passage, that connects
Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Legend: Trojan prince Paris
kidnapped Helen, Greek queen.
Fought for 10 yrs and ended with
the Greeks sneaking into the city
in a horse.
Heinrich Schliemann proved
that there was a war.
Age of Homer
Dorians invade and Greece falls
into a Dark Age 1100BC-800BC
Homer 750BC= blind poet told stories
of heroes.
Epics: Iliad , about the Trojan War,
and Odyssey, about Odysseus’ return
home form the war.
They teach us about the Greek values
of honor, courage, and eloquence, as
well as about their beliefs
Early Civilization in Greece
●
Minoans on ●
Catastrophic collapse
Crete of Minoan Civilization
2800 BC 1450 BC
●
Trojan War over
trade rights
1250 BC
Civilization Collapsed
●
End Dark Age
1100 BC 750 BC
New Types of Government
Monarchy:
Aristocracy:
Oligarchy:
Democracy:
New Types of Government
Monarchy:
a government in which a
king or queen has complete
control
Aristocracy:
Government controlled by a
landowning elite
Oligarchy:
Government in which power
lies in the hands of a few
such as the business class.
Democracy:
Type of government that
develops in Athens in which
the people (citizens) hold
ruling power.
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Group Political Rights
Oligarchy Two kings keep each other in Many were citizens and
check and are helped by the noncitizens like slaves had
ephors no voice in government.
Athens and Sparta
By 750 BC, the city-
state, became the
central focus of Greek
Life
Two of the most
important city-states
in Greece are Athens
and Sparta.
Define/Identify the
following:
Hoplite
Helot
Tyrant
Ephors
Sparta and Athens
Sparta Both Athens
Government Oligarchy / Monarchies Monarchy ->
Monarchy with Aristocracy ->
Ephors Tyrany ->
Military State Democracy
Education Physical Education Military, Gods and Girls little to none,
and the Art of War Gods, Language boys learned many
Start at 7 subjects in school
Economy Looked down on Trade was
trade and wealth, important and led to
took spoils of war wealth and power
Role of Produce healthy Subordinate to men No share in public
Women sons, health and life, managed
exercise important, household and
inherit property, raised children
obedience
Treatment Brutal and harsh Believed Greeks Debt slavery was
of Slaves punishments, were superior and common but
prisoners of war owned slaves outlawed by Solon
Political Reforms
Leader Reforms
Solon Cancelled all land debts and freed people who had fallen
into slavery for debts.
●
Greeks, out numbered 2-1 defeat ●
King Leondias and a small
the Persians. Spartan force held the Persian
●
Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles to Immortals led by Xerxes I off at a
proclaim the victory. pass in between two mountains
●
Themistocles urged Athens to ●
The Persians overtake them,
build a navy to protect their however it bought the other city-
coasts. states time to build larger armies
Salamis Plataea
●
Athenian navy destroys Persian navy and claims victory for the ●
A few months later they formed the largest Greek army up to
war. that time and defeated the Persian Army.
Persian Wars: Largest
empire in the world vs.
small city-states of Greece
Age of Pericles
Following the Persian Wars,
Athens dominated Greece
and was at the height of its
power.
Delian League: alliance between
Greek city-states formed as a
result of the Persian Wars to
protect against future attacks
Pericles established a direct
democracy in Athens.
Citizens vote on issues not
for representatives.
Sparta and Athens, former
allies against Persia turn on
each other in the
Peloponnesian War
Sparta allies with Peloponnesian War
Persia and crushes
Athens
Spartan victory hurts
democracy and ends
Athenian Greatness
Sparta was defeated
by Thebes
Results:
Weakened Greek
city-states invaded
by the Macedonians.
Philip of Macedon and
his son Alexander the
Great come to power.
Early Greece Quiz
1. Blind poet credited with creating the Iliad and Odyssey…
2. Where did the Greeks build their temples?
3. How is an oligarchy different from a democracy?
4. Why do we call long races Marathons today?
5. What feature of the geography of Greece made it difficult
to unify?
6. What was the first Greek state called established by the
Indo-Europeans?
7. _________ boys were trained to be soldiers from the age of
7.
8. Which city-state was known for philosophy and education?
9. Who took credit for winning the Persian Wars?
10. What was the result of the Peloponnesian War?
Geography of Early Greece: Use Chapter 4
Cities ● ● = city ^^^ = Mountains Regions
Athens Color all bodies of water Blue Ionia – Red
Sparta Shade regions the color indicated Macedonia
Byzantium – Green
Thebes Greece –
Delphi Yellow
Troy Crete –
Mycenae Pink
Knossos Asia Minor
Bodies of - Purple
Water Battle
Aegean Sea Locations *
Black Sea Thermopyl
Mediterran ae
ean Sea Marathon
Salamis
The Culture of Classical
Greece
Essential Question: How do the achievements of Classical
Greece influence Western art and thought today?
Chapter 4 Section 4
Pages 127-133
Religion:
Copy on Notebook Paper
Affected every area of life
It was necessary to the well-
being of the state
There were twelve chief gods
and goddesses that were
thought to live on Mt.
Olympus
Define rituals:
Who was worshiped at
Olympia? Delphi?
Gods and Goddesses: DO NOT COPY!!! What do
you notice about this family tree?
Classical Greece: Draw a chart like this one
on notebook paper and fill in the information
for each box found on the next few slides.
Art and Architecture History
Philosophy Drama
Art and Architecture
Based on reason and harmony
Often found on pottery
Lifelike statues of nude males were common
Sculptors achieved a standard of ideal beauty
Temples are best examples of architecture
Parthenon the most famous temple built to honor
Athena at the acropolis in Athens
Art and Architecture
History
Herodotus, the father of history,
wrote about the Persian Wars from
the point of view of the Greeks.
Included the role of the gods and
goddesses but did not show the Persian
point of view so he was biased.
Thucydides, non-biased (meaning
he told both sides of the story), wrote
about the Peloponnesian Wars and
tried to show both sides of the conflict.
He emphasized the accuracy of facts
not the gods and goddesses.
Philosophy
Pythagoras: Mathematician that calculated the
sides of a right triangle.
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are perhaps the
most famous Greek philosophers
Socrates: Socratic method of examining things through
critical questioning, “The unexamined life is not worth
living.”
Plato: Wrote the Republic
Aristotle: Alexander’s teacher, thought government
needed strong and virtuous leader
Copy and Answer the following questions. Click on the video to start.
1. When was Plato’s Republic written?
2. The Parthenon in Athens was an achievement of the first 5. T or F? Socrates said
____________. “The unexamined life
3. Which war between Sparta and Athens took place during is not worth living” at
Plato’s life? his trial in 399 BC.
4. Plato wrote a series of imaginary conversations between 6. In the Allegory of the
Socrates and his countrymen entitled ___________. cave, the prisoners in
the cave can only see
____________.
7. How do the other
prisoners react when
one prisoner breaks
loose in the cave?
8. How did Socrates
influence the
psychology of Sigmund
Freud?
9. Plato’s writing inspired
which of Sir Thomas
More’s books?
10. Where are the ideas in
Plato’s republic found
in The Wizard of Oz?
Drama
Amphitheater see
page 129
The lighthouse at
Alexandria was
one of the
ancient wonders
of the world.
It had more than
500,000 scrolls.
Accomplishments of the
Hellenistic Era
Use this to help with key
terms and summarizing
information on 4:5 worksheet