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Symmetrical
refers to data in which both sides
are (more or less) the same when
the graph is folded vertically down
the middle
bell-shaped is a special type
has a center mound with two
sloping tails
Uniform
refers to data in which every
class has equal or
approximately equal
frequency
Skewed (left or right)
refers to data in which one
side (tail) is longer than the
other side
the direction of skewness is
on the side of the longer tail
Skewness
The following picture is an example of what kind of
distribution?
a. right skewed
b. left- skewed
c. symmetric
Bimodal (multi-modal)
refers to data in which two
(or more) classes have the
largest frequency & are
separated by at least one
other class
Approximately Normal
A phrase used to illustrate a
bell shaped curve (uni-
modal with minimal
skewness)
Outlier
When examining data- Look for outliers!!!
Outlier- observations that lie outside the overall
pattern of a distribution.
FORMULA:
An observation is considered an outlier it falls more
than 1.5 X IQR below Q1 or above Q3.
Mean
Mean= (1/n)Σxi
The mean is a measure of center in a distribution
The mean is nonresistant to very large or very small
observations
Median
Steps to finding the Median of a distribution:
1. Re-arrange the observations from smallest to largest
2. If number of observations is odd, the median is the
center observation
3. If number of observations is even, the median is the
average of the two observations in the center
The median is resistant to very large or very small
observations
Standard Deviation (s)
s measures the spread about the mean and should only
be used when the mean is chosen as the measure of
center
s=0 only when there is no spread. This happens only
when all observations are the same value. *as
observations become more spread out about their
mean, s gets larger.
s is strongly influenced by outliers
Variance (s²)
Variance- the average of the squares of the deviations
of the observations from their mean.
s² = 1 Σ (xi – x)²
n–1
Matt 5 7 6 5 7 8 6
Jamie 3 6 4 8 12 9 8